docs: update headers in CONCURRENCY.md (#2102)
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Nikolay Igotti
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### Concurrency in Kotlin/Native
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## Concurrency in Kotlin/Native
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Kotlin/Native runtime doesn't encourage a classical thread-oriented concurrency
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model with mutually exclusive code blocks and conditional variables, as this model is
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
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* Raw shared memory using C globals
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* Coroutines for blocking operations (not covered in this document)
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## Workers
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### Workers
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Instead of threads Kotlin/Native runtime offers the concept of workers: concurrently executed
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control flow streams with an associated request queue. Workers are very similar to the actors
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@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
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in the Kotlin/Native repository.
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<a name="transfer"></a>
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## Object transfer and freezing
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### Object transfer and freezing
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An important invariant that Kotlin/Native runtime maintains is that the object is either owned by a single
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thread/worker, or it is immutable (_shared XOR mutable_). This ensures that the same data has a single mutator, and so there is no need for locking to exist. To achieve such an invariant, we use the concept of not externally referred object subgraphs.
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autofreezing of certain provably immutable objects could be implemented in the future.
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<a name="detach"></a>
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## Object subgraph detachment
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### Object subgraph detachment
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An object subgraph without external references can be disconnected using `DetachedObjectGraph<T>` to
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a `COpaquePointer` value, which could be stored in `void*` data, so the disconnected object subgraphs
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@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
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<a name="shared"></a>
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## Raw shared memory
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### Raw shared memory
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Considering the strong ties between Kotlin/Native and C via interoperability, in conjunction with the other mechanisms
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mentioned above it is possible to build popular data structures, like concurrent hashmap or shared cache with
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@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ So in combination with the top level variable declared above, it can allow looki
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threads and building traditional concurrent structures with platform-specific synchronization primitives.
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<a name="top_level"></a>
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## Global variables and singletons
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### Global variables and singletons
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Frequently, global variables are a source of unintended concurrency issues, so _Kotlin/Native_ implements
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the following mechanisms to prevent the unintended sharing of state via global objects:
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