Introduce runtime ClassValue-based cache for typeOf machinery

* Cache KType instances constructor from the given classifier
* For generics, cache KTypes with already substituted arguments
* It significantly speeds up all typeOf-based APIs, both accesses to typeOf and its related properties (i.e. classifier)

#KT-53508

Merge-request: KT-MR-6818
Merged-by: Vsevolod Tolstopyatov <qwwdfsad@gmail.com>

compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java

@@ -44330,6 +44330,12 @@ public class FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated extends AbstractFirBlackBoxCodegenT
                 runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/reflection/typeOf/annotatedType.kt");
             }
 
+            @Test
+            @TestMetadata("caching.kt")
+            public void testCaching() throws Exception {
+                runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/reflection/typeOf/caching.kt");
+            }
+
             @Test
             @TestMetadata("classes.kt")
             public void testClasses() throws Exception {