diff --git a/compiler/testData/codegen/box/builderInference/issues/kt52757.kt b/compiler/testData/codegen/box/builderInference/issues/kt52757.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..74683111e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/testData/codegen/box/builderInference/issues/kt52757.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// ISSUE: KT-52757
+
+// IGNORE_LIGHT_ANALYSIS
+// IGNORE_BACKEND_K1: ANY
+// REASON: compile-time failure in K1/JVM (java.lang.AssertionError: Could not load module <Error module> @ org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.common.serialization.KotlinIrLinker.resolveModuleDeserializer)
+// REASON: compile-time failure in K1/Native, K1/WASM, K1/JS (java.lang.NullPointerException @ org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.common.serialization.mangle.descriptor.DescriptorExportCheckerVisitor.isExported)
+
+fun box(): String {
+    build {
+        typeVariableConsumer = ::consumeTargetType
+        typeVariableConsumer = {}
+    }
+    return "OK"
+}
+
+
+
+
+class TargetType
+
+fun consumeTargetType(value: TargetType) {}
+
+class Buildee<TV> {
+    var typeVariableConsumer: (TV) -> Unit = { storage = it }
+    private var storage: TV = TargetType() as TV
+}
+
+fun <PTV> build(instructions: Buildee<PTV>.() -> Unit): Buildee<PTV> {
+    return Buildee<PTV>().apply(instructions)
+}
diff --git a/compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/builderInference/issues/kt52757.kt b/compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/builderInference/issues/kt52757.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..98dae0de7e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/builderInference/issues/kt52757.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// ISSUE: KT-52757
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// CHECK_TYPE_WITH_EXACT
+
+fun test() {
+    val buildee = build {
+        typeVariableConsumer = ::consumeTargetType
+        typeVariableConsumer = {}
+    }
+    // exact type equality check — turns unexpected compile-time behavior into red code
+    // considered to be non-user-reproducible code for the purposes of these tests
+    checkExactType<Buildee<TargetType>>(buildee)
+}
+
+
+
+
+class TargetType
+
+fun consumeTargetType(value: TargetType) {}
+
+class Buildee<TV> {
+    var typeVariableConsumer: (TV) -> Unit = { storage = it }
+    private var storage: TV = null!!
+}
+
+fun <PTV> build(instructions: Buildee<PTV>.() -> Unit): Buildee<PTV> {
+    return Buildee<PTV>().apply(instructions)
+}