Fix delegated property resolve when provideDelegate has this as argument

#KT-41135 Fixed

compiler/testData/codegen/box/delegatedProperty/provideDelegate/provideDelegateByExtensionFunction.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// IGNORE_BACKEND_FIR: JVM_IR
+
+import kotlin.reflect.KProperty
+
+class TypeInference {
+    val explicitTypes by providerFun<TypeInference, String>()
+    val withoutTypes: String by providerFun()
+}
+
+class Inv<T>(val x: T)
+
+fun <T, R> T.providerFun() = object : DelegateProvider<T, R>() {
+    override fun provideDelegate(thisRef: T, property: KProperty<*>): Inv<R> {
+        return Inv("OK") as Inv<R>
+    }
+}
+
+operator fun <T> Inv<T>.getValue(thisRef: Any?, property: KProperty<*>): T = x
+
+abstract class DelegateProvider<T, R> {
+    abstract operator fun provideDelegate(
+        thisRef: T,
+        property: KProperty<*>
+    ): Inv<R>
+}
+
+fun box(): String {
+    val t = TypeInference()
+    if (t.explicitTypes != t.withoutTypes) return "fail 1"
+    return t.withoutTypes
+}