Resolution: extract projections from captured flexible type properly

#KT-54100 Fixed
Related to KT-54196, KT-54198

core/descriptors/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/types/checker/ClassicTypeSystemContext.kt

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ interface ClassicTypeSystemContext : TypeSystemInferenceExtensionContext, TypeSy
     }
 
     override fun CapturedTypeMarker.lowerType(): KotlinTypeMarker? {
+        // TODO: https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-54196 (old captured type here)
         require(this is NewCapturedType, this::errorMessage)
         return this.lowerType
     }

core/descriptors/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/types/flexibleTypes.kt

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ class FlexibleTypeImpl(lowerBound: SimpleType, upperBound: SimpleType) : Flexibl
 
         assert(!lowerBound.isFlexible()) { "Lower bound of a flexible type can not be flexible: $lowerBound" }
         assert(!upperBound.isFlexible()) { "Upper bound of a flexible type can not be flexible: $upperBound" }
+        // TODO: https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-54198 (two captured types)
         assert(lowerBound != upperBound) { "Lower and upper bounds are equal: $lowerBound == $upperBound" }
         assert(KotlinTypeChecker.DEFAULT.isSubtypeOf(lowerBound, upperBound)) {
             "Lower bound $lowerBound of a flexible type must be a subtype of the upper bound $upperBound"