[FIR] Fix stackoverflow when checking for type cast erasure

#KT-59478 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/cast/bare/ToErrorType.fir.kt

@@ -3,4 +3,9 @@ class P
 fun foo(p: P): Any {
     val v = p as <!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>G<!>
     return v
-}
+}
+
+fun bar(p: P): Any {
+    val v = p as <!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>G<!>?
+    return v
+}

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/cast/bare/ToErrorType.kt

@@ -3,4 +3,9 @@ class P
 fun foo(p: P): Any {
     val v = p as <!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>G<!>
     return <!DEBUG_INFO_ELEMENT_WITH_ERROR_TYPE!>v<!>
-}
+}
+
+fun bar(p: P): Any {
+    val v = p as <!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>G<!>?
+    return <!DEBUG_INFO_ELEMENT_WITH_ERROR_TYPE!>v<!>
+}

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/cast/bare/ToErrorType.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package
 
+public fun bar(/*0*/ p: P): kotlin.Any
 public fun foo(/*0*/ p: P): kotlin.Any
 
 public final class P {