Refine type arguments resolution and rendering

In case of type constructors captured parameters from outer classes

 #KT-5510 Fixed
 #KT-3112 Fixed
 #KT-6325 Fixed
 #KT-408  Fixed
 #KT-6337 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/generics/innerClasses/checkBoundsOuter.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class Outer<E : Any> {
+    inner class Inner<F, G>
+}
+
+val x: Outer<<!UPPER_BOUND_VIOLATED!>String?<!>>.Inner<String, Int> = null!!