Add test for KT-53124

The issue itself is supposed to be fixed after eb19d39cbf reverted

^KT-53124 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/inference/kt53124.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// FILE: exp/Ns.java
+package exp;
+
+public final class Ns {
+
+    public static class Element<E extends Element<E>> {}
+
+    public static class Foo<T extends Element<T>> {
+        public Bar<T> getBar() {
+            return new Bar<>();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class Bar<U extends Element<U>> {
+        public String getName() {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// FILE: exp/main.kt
+package exp
+
+val Ns.Foo<*>.name
+    get() = this.bar.name