Add test for KT-53124

The issue itself is supposed to be fixed after eb19d39cbf reverted

^KT-53124 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/inference/kt53124.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// FILE: exp/Ns.java
+package exp;
+
+public final class Ns {
+
+    public static class Element<E extends Element<E>> {}
+
+    public static class Foo<T extends Element<T>> {
+        public Bar<T> getBar() {
+            return new Bar<>();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class Bar<U extends Element<U>> {
+        public String getName() {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// FILE: exp/main.kt
+package exp
+
+val Ns.Foo<*>.name
+    get() = this.bar.name

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/inference/kt53124.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package
+
+package exp {
+    public val exp.Ns.Foo<*>.name: kotlin.String!
+
+    public final class Ns {
+        public constructor Ns()
+        public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun equals(/*0*/ other: kotlin.Any?): kotlin.Boolean
+        public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun hashCode(): kotlin.Int
+        public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun toString(): kotlin.String
+
+        public open class Bar</*0*/ U : exp.Ns.Element<U!>!> {
+            public constructor Bar</*0*/ U : exp.Ns.Element<U!>!>()
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun equals(/*0*/ other: kotlin.Any?): kotlin.Boolean
+            public open fun getName(): kotlin.String!
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun hashCode(): kotlin.Int
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun toString(): kotlin.String
+        }
+
+        public open class Element</*0*/ E : exp.Ns.Element<E!>!> {
+            public constructor Element</*0*/ E : exp.Ns.Element<E!>!>()
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun equals(/*0*/ other: kotlin.Any?): kotlin.Boolean
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun hashCode(): kotlin.Int
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun toString(): kotlin.String
+        }
+
+        public open class Foo</*0*/ T : exp.Ns.Element<T!>!> {
+            public constructor Foo</*0*/ T : exp.Ns.Element<T!>!>()
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun equals(/*0*/ other: kotlin.Any?): kotlin.Boolean
+            public open fun getBar(): exp.Ns.Bar<T!>!
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun hashCode(): kotlin.Int
+            public open override /*1*/ /*fake_override*/ fun toString(): kotlin.String
+        }
+    }
+}