[FIR] KT-56212 Fix compilation exception caused by type parameter chain

- `FirTypeResolverImpl.resolveSymbol` cannot simply assert that a type
  parameter only has a single qualifier, because code may be fed to the
  compiler where a type parameter is the start of a type chain (see for
  example the added `typeParameterChainInReturnType` test).
- The fix assumes that any multi-qualifier type parameter trivially
  resolves to `null`, because such a chained type cannot exist.

^KT-56212 fixed
^KTIJ-24083 fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/typeParameters/typeParameterChainInReceiver.fir.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// ISSUE: KT-56212
+fun <F> <!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>F.X<!>.f(): Boolean = false

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/typeParameters/typeParameterChainInReceiver.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// ISSUE: KT-56212
+fun <F> F.<!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>X<!>.f(): Boolean = false

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/typeParameters/typeParameterChainInReceiver.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package
+
+public fun </*0*/ F> [Error type: Unresolved type for F.X].f(): kotlin.Boolean

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/typeParameters/typeParameterChainInReturnType.fir.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// ISSUE: KT-56212
+fun <F> foo(): <!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>F.X<!> = TODO()

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/typeParameters/typeParameterChainInReturnType.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// ISSUE: KT-56212
+fun <F> foo(): F.<!UNRESOLVED_REFERENCE!>X<!> = TODO()

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/typeParameters/typeParameterChainInReturnType.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package
+
+public fun </*0*/ F> foo(): [Error type: Unresolved type for F.X]