Reuse built functional types for postponed arguments by expected types and paths from a top level type variable

^KT-42221 Fixed

core/compiler.common/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/types/model/TypeSystemContext.kt

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ package org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.model
 
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.AbstractTypeCheckerContext
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.Variance
+import java.util.*
+import kotlin.collections.ArrayList
 import kotlin.contracts.ExperimentalContracts
 import kotlin.contracts.contract
 
@@ -207,6 +209,25 @@ interface TypeSystemInferenceExtensionContext : TypeSystemContext, TypeSystemBui
     fun getFunctionTypeConstructor(parametersNumber: Int, isSuspend: Boolean): TypeConstructorMarker
 
     fun getKFunctionTypeConstructor(parametersNumber: Int, isSuspend: Boolean): TypeConstructorMarker
+
+    private fun KotlinTypeMarker.extractTypeVariables(to: MutableSet<TypeVariableTypeConstructorMarker>) {
+        for (i in 0 until argumentsCount()) {
+            val argument = getArgument(i)
+
+            if (argument.isStarProjection()) continue
+
+            val argumentType = argument.getType()
+            val argumentTypeConstructor = argumentType.typeConstructor()
+            if (argumentTypeConstructor is TypeVariableTypeConstructorMarker) {
+                to.add(argumentTypeConstructor)
+            } else if (argumentType.argumentsCount() != 0) {
+                argumentType.extractTypeVariables(to)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OptIn(ExperimentalStdlibApi::class)
+    fun KotlinTypeMarker.extractTypeVariables() = buildSet { extractTypeVariables(this) }
 }