[Analysis API] Fix exceptions around type parameters being treated as callables

- `toResolvedCallableSymbol`: cast defensively because
  the resolved symbol might not be a callable symbol.
- `toKtCallInfo`: Check that the resolved symbol is actually callable.

^KTIJ-23003 fixed

analysis/analysis-api/testData/components/callResolver/resolveCall/invalidCode/typeParameterAsValue.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// See: KTIJ-23003 (KotlinExceptionWithAttachments)
+
+fun <T> test(x: Any) {
+    println(<expr>T</expr>)
+}

analysis/analysis-api/testData/components/callResolver/resolveCall/invalidCode/typeParameterAsValue.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+null