[Analysis API] Fix 'getContainingDeclaration()' for code fragments

^KT-65075 Fixed

analysis/analysis-api/testData/components/containingDeclarationProvider/containingDeclarationByPsi/codeFragments.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// MODULE: context
+
+// FILE: context.kt
+fun test() {
+    <caret_context>Unit
+}
+
+fun foo() {}
+
+
+// MODULE: main
+// MODULE_KIND: CodeFragment
+
+// FILE: main.kt
+// CODE_FRAGMENT_KIND: EXPRESSION
+object {
+    fun foo() {}
+
+    fun bar() {
+        foo()
+    }
+}