[LL FIR] rewrite LLFirSuperTypeTargetResolver

The previous implementation had issues with
locks, publication and performance

Also, this change fixed a problem with mixed cycle inheritance

^KT-56550
^KTIJ-25430 Fixed
^KTIJ-23520 Fixed
^KT-57623 Fixed
^KTIJ-25372 Fixed
^KT-58357 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/cyclicHierarchy/kotlinJavaNestedCycle.ll.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// LL_FIR_DIVERGENCE
+// The compiler doesn't guarantee exhaustiveness in reporting of inheritance cycles, so the compiler and LL FIR results are equally valid.
+// LL_FIR_DIVERGENCE
+// FILE: ExceptionTracker.kt
+
+interface ExceptionTracker : <!CYCLIC_INHERITANCE_HIERARCHY!>LockBasedStorageManager.ExceptionHandlingStrategy<!> {
+}
+
+// FILE: StorageManager.kt
+
+interface StorageManager : <!CYCLIC_INHERITANCE_HIERARCHY!>ExceptionTracker<!> {
+    fun foo()
+}
+
+// FILE: LockBasedStorageManager.java
+
+class LockBasedStorageManager extends StorageManager {
+    interface ExceptionHandlingStrategy {
+        void bar();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void foo() {}
+}