[IR] Enhance error reporting for IR linking issues

^KT-44626

Typical use case:
- There are two KLIB libraries: A and B.
- Library A has two versions: A.v1 (older) and A.v2 (newer).
- A.v2 is ABI-incompatible with A.v1.
- B depends on A and was compiled against A.v1.
- An attempt to build the application with A.v2 and B fails with weird error message. It's unclear for end user what's wrong and what needs to be done to fix the issue.

The fix improves error reporting for the following particular cases:
- A symbol that is gone (KT-41378)
- A class that became a typealias (KT-47285, KT-46697)
- A typealias that became a class (KT-46340)

compiler/util-io/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/konan/file/File.kt

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ data class File constructor(internal val javaPath: Path) {
         get() = if (exists) listFiles else emptyList()
 
     fun child(name: String) = File(this, name)
+    fun startsWith(another: File) = javaPath.startsWith(another.javaPath)
 
     fun copyTo(destination: File) {
         Files.copy(javaPath, destination.javaPath, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING)