diff --git a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor.kt b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor.kt
index 12f719f231b..176168c7c8e 100644
--- a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor.kt
+++ b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor.kt
@@ -79,6 +79,11 @@ class JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor : ClassBuilderInterceptorExtension {
         override fun getDelegate(): ClassBuilder = delegate
 
         override fun defineClass(origin: PsiElement?, version: Int, access: Int, name: String, signature: String?, superName: String, interfaces: Array<out String>) {
+            // Always keep annotation classes
+            if (access and Opcodes.ACC_ANNOTATION != 0) {
+                publicAbi = true
+            }
+
             internalName = name
             super.defineClass(origin, version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces)
         }
@@ -89,6 +94,10 @@ class JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor : ClassBuilderInterceptorExtension {
         }
 
         override fun newMethod(origin: JvmDeclarationOrigin, access: Int, name: String, desc: String, signature: String?, exceptions: Array<out String>?): MethodVisitor {
+            if (publicAbi) {
+                return super.newMethod(origin, access, name, desc, signature, exceptions)
+            }
+
             // inline suspend functions are a special case: Unless they use reified type parameters,
             // we will transform the original method and generate a $$forInline method for the inliner.
             // Only the latter needs to be kept, the former can be stripped. Unfortunately, there is no
@@ -121,7 +130,7 @@ class JvmAbiClassBuilderInterceptor : ClassBuilderInterceptorExtension {
         // Parse the public ABI flag from the Kotlin metadata annotation
         override fun newAnnotation(desc: String, visible: Boolean): AnnotationVisitor {
             val delegate = super.newAnnotation(desc, visible)
-            if (desc != JvmAnnotationNames.METADATA_DESC)
+            if (publicAbi || desc != JvmAnnotationNames.METADATA_DESC)
                 return delegate
 
             return object : AnnotationVisitor(Opcodes.API_VERSION, delegate) {
diff --git a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/IrJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/IrJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
index 556368ab15a..be4cade3dc3 100644
--- a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/IrJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
+++ b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/IrJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ public class IrJvmAbiContentTestGenerated extends AbstractIrJvmAbiContentTest {
         KtTestUtil.assertAllTestsPresentByMetadataWithExcluded(this.getClass(), new File("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content"), Pattern.compile("^([^\\.]+)$"), null, TargetBackend.JVM_IR, false);
     }
 
+    @TestMetadata("annotation")
+    public void testAnnotation() throws Exception {
+        runTest("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/");
+    }
+
     @TestMetadata("class")
     public void testClass() throws Exception {
         runTest("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/class/");
diff --git a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
index f2fa70a5799..df6e09403a0 100644
--- a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
+++ b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/JvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ public class JvmAbiContentTestGenerated extends AbstractJvmAbiContentTest {
         KtTestUtil.assertAllTestsPresentByMetadataWithExcluded(this.getClass(), new File("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content"), Pattern.compile("^([^\\.]+)$"), null, TargetBackend.JVM, false);
     }
 
+    @TestMetadata("annotation")
+    public void testAnnotation() throws Exception {
+        runTest("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/");
+    }
+
     @TestMetadata("class")
     public void testClass() throws Exception {
         runTest("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/class/");
diff --git a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/LegacyJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/LegacyJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
index c044efed66b..3749be04ccd 100644
--- a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/LegacyJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
+++ b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/test/org/jetbrains/kotlin/jvm/abi/LegacyJvmAbiContentTestGenerated.java
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@ public class LegacyJvmAbiContentTestGenerated extends AbstractLegacyJvmAbiConten
         KtTestUtil.assertAllTestsPresentByMetadataWithExcluded(this.getClass(), new File("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content"), Pattern.compile("^([^\\.]+)$"), null, TargetBackend.JVM, false);
     }
 
+    @TestMetadata("annotation")
+    public void testAnnotation() throws Exception {
+        runTest("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/");
+    }
+
     @TestMetadata("class")
     public void testClass() throws Exception {
         runTest("plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/class/");
diff --git a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/annotations.kt b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/annotations.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7ae3ad8540d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/annotations.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package test
+
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.SOURCE)
+private annotation class A1(val x: Int)
+
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY)
+private annotation class A2(val x: Int)
+
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
+private annotation class A3(val x: Int)
+
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.SOURCE)
+annotation class B1(val x: Int)
+
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY)
+annotation class B2(val x: Int)
+
+@Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
+annotation class B3(val x: Int)
+
+@A1(0) @A2(1) @A3(2) class T1
+
+@B1(0) @B2(1) @B3(2) class T2
diff --git a/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/signatures.txt b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/signatures.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e320b12b737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/jvm-abi-gen/testData/content/annotation/signatures.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+@kotlin.annotation.Retention(value=SOURCE)
+@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=SOURCE)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+annotation class test/A1 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public abstract method x(): int
+}
+@kotlin.annotation.Retention(value=BINARY)
+@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=CLASS)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+annotation class test/A2 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public abstract method x(): int
+}
+@kotlin.annotation.Retention(value=RUNTIME)
+@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=RUNTIME)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+annotation class test/A3 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public abstract method x(): int
+}
+@kotlin.annotation.Retention(value=SOURCE)
+@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=SOURCE)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+public annotation class test/B1 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public abstract method x(): int
+}
+@kotlin.annotation.Retention(value=BINARY)
+@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=CLASS)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+public annotation class test/B2 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public abstract method x(): int
+}
+@kotlin.annotation.Retention(value=RUNTIME)
+@java.lang.annotation.Retention(value=RUNTIME)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+public annotation class test/B3 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public abstract method x(): int
+}
+@test.A3(x=2)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+@test.A2(x=1)
+public final class test/T1 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public method <init>(): void
+}
+@test.B3(x=2)
+@kotlin.Metadata
+@test.B2(x=1)
+public final class test/T2 {
+    // source: 'annotations.kt'
+    public method <init>(): void
+}
\ No newline at end of file