diff --git a/compiler/fir/fir2ir/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/lazy/Fir2IrLazyClass.kt b/compiler/fir/fir2ir/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/lazy/Fir2IrLazyClass.kt
index 068e6947e8c..bf6e31839d6 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/fir2ir/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/lazy/Fir2IrLazyClass.kt
+++ b/compiler/fir/fir2ir/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/lazy/Fir2IrLazyClass.kt
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Fir2IrLazyClass(
         set(_) = mutationNotSupported()
 
     override var modality: Modality
-        get() = fir.modality!!
+        get() = if (fir.classKind.isAnnotationClass) Modality.OPEN else fir.modality!!
         set(_) = mutationNotSupported()
 
     override var attributeOwnerId: IrAttributeContainer
diff --git a/compiler/testData/codegen/box/annotations/javaAnnotationArrayValueDefault.fir.ir.txt b/compiler/testData/codegen/box/annotations/javaAnnotationArrayValueDefault.fir.ir.txt
index c2fc404591d..1b408e1c25a 100644
--- a/compiler/testData/codegen/box/annotations/javaAnnotationArrayValueDefault.fir.ir.txt
+++ b/compiler/testData/codegen/box/annotations/javaAnnotationArrayValueDefault.fir.ir.txt
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/1.kt
               $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS CLASS name:MyClass1 modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Any]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.MyClass1>
             p0: CALL 'public final fun <get-java> <T> (): java.lang.Class<T of kotlin.jvm.<get-java>> declared in kotlin.jvm' type=java.lang.Class<<root>.JavaAnn> origin=GET_PROPERTY
               <T>: <root>.JavaAnn
-              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:FINAL visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
+              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:OPEN visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
       WHEN type=kotlin.Unit origin=IF
         BRANCH
           if: CALL 'public final fun not (): kotlin.Boolean declared in kotlin.Boolean' type=kotlin.Boolean origin=EXCLEQ
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/1.kt
               $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS CLASS name:MyClass2 modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Any]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.MyClass2>
             p0: CALL 'public final fun <get-java> <T> (): java.lang.Class<T of kotlin.jvm.<get-java>> declared in kotlin.jvm' type=java.lang.Class<<root>.JavaAnn> origin=GET_PROPERTY
               <T>: <root>.JavaAnn
-              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:FINAL visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
+              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:OPEN visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
       WHEN type=kotlin.Unit origin=IF
         BRANCH
           if: CALL 'public final fun not (): kotlin.Boolean declared in kotlin.Boolean' type=kotlin.Boolean origin=EXCLEQ
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/1.kt
               $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS CLASS name:MyClass3 modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Any]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.MyClass3>
             p0: CALL 'public final fun <get-java> <T> (): java.lang.Class<T of kotlin.jvm.<get-java>> declared in kotlin.jvm' type=java.lang.Class<<root>.JavaAnn> origin=GET_PROPERTY
               <T>: <root>.JavaAnn
-              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:FINAL visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
+              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:OPEN visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
       WHEN type=kotlin.Unit origin=IF
         BRANCH
           if: CALL 'public final fun not (): kotlin.Boolean declared in kotlin.Boolean' type=kotlin.Boolean origin=EXCLEQ
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/1.kt
               $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS CLASS name:MyClass4 modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Any]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.MyClass4>
             p0: CALL 'public final fun <get-java> <T> (): java.lang.Class<T of kotlin.jvm.<get-java>> declared in kotlin.jvm' type=java.lang.Class<<root>.JavaAnn> origin=GET_PROPERTY
               <T>: <root>.JavaAnn
-              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:FINAL visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
+              $receiver: CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_JAVA_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:JavaAnn modality:OPEN visibility:public/*package*/ superTypes:[kotlin.Any; kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<<root>.JavaAnn>
       WHEN type=kotlin.Unit origin=IF
         BRANCH
           if: CALL 'public final fun not (): kotlin.Boolean declared in kotlin.Boolean' type=kotlin.Boolean origin=EXCLEQ
diff --git a/compiler/testData/ir/irText/classes/enumEntries.fir.ir.txt b/compiler/testData/ir/irText/classes/enumEntries.fir.ir.txt
index bdabe806da6..ed6cf51d1cc 100644
--- a/compiler/testData/ir/irText/classes/enumEntries.fir.ir.txt
+++ b/compiler/testData/ir/irText/classes/enumEntries.fir.ir.txt
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/enumEntries.kt
       $this: VALUE_PARAMETER name:<this> type:kotlin.Enum<E of kotlin.Enum>
   FUN name:box visibility:public modality:FINAL <> () returnType:kotlin.enums.EnumEntries<<root>.MyEnum>
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalStdlibApi modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.ExperimentalStdlibApi>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalStdlibApi modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.ExperimentalStdlibApi>])
     BLOCK_BODY
       RETURN type=kotlin.Nothing from='public final fun box (): kotlin.enums.EnumEntries<<root>.MyEnum> declared in <root>'
         CALL 'public final fun <get-entries> (): kotlin.enums.EnumEntries<<root>.MyEnum> declared in <root>.MyEnum' type=kotlin.enums.EnumEntries<<root>.MyEnum> origin=GET_PROPERTY
diff --git a/compiler/testData/ir/irText/regressions/kt45236.fir.ir.txt b/compiler/testData/ir/irText/regressions/kt45236.fir.ir.txt
index 7da47a8041f..c841d75587b 100644
--- a/compiler/testData/ir/irText/regressions/kt45236.fir.ir.txt
+++ b/compiler/testData/ir/irText/regressions/kt45236.fir.ir.txt
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/kt45236.kt
       $this: VALUE_PARAMETER name:<this> type:kotlin.Any
   FUN name:isError visibility:public modality:FINAL <T> ($receiver:<root>.NetRequestStatus<T of <root>.isError>) returnType:kotlin.Boolean
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalContracts modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.contracts.ExperimentalContracts>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalContracts modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.contracts.ExperimentalContracts>])
     TYPE_PARAMETER name:T index:0 variance: superTypes:[kotlin.Any] reified:false
     $receiver: VALUE_PARAMETER name:<this> type:<root>.NetRequestStatus<T of <root>.isError>
     BLOCK_BODY
diff --git a/compiler/testData/ir/irText/types/castsInsideCoroutineInference.fir.ir.txt b/compiler/testData/ir/irText/types/castsInsideCoroutineInference.fir.ir.txt
index 2cd67fb92f8..1aaf605f7be 100644
--- a/compiler/testData/ir/irText/types/castsInsideCoroutineInference.fir.ir.txt
+++ b/compiler/testData/ir/irText/types/castsInsideCoroutineInference.fir.ir.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/castsInsideCoroutineInference.kt
   FUN name:scopedFlow visibility:public modality:FINAL <R> (block:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction2<<root>.CoroutineScope, <root>.FlowCollector<R of <root>.scopedFlow>, kotlin.Unit>) returnType:<root>.Flow<R of <root>.scopedFlow>
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
     TYPE_PARAMETER name:R index:0 variance: superTypes:[kotlin.Any?] reified:false
     VALUE_PARAMETER name:block index:0 type:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction2<<root>.CoroutineScope, <root>.FlowCollector<R of <root>.scopedFlow>, kotlin.Unit>
     BLOCK_BODY
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/castsInsideCoroutineInference.kt
     BLOCK_BODY
   FUN name:unsafeFlow visibility:public modality:FINAL <T> (block:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.FlowCollector<T of <root>.unsafeFlow>, kotlin.Unit>) returnType:<root>.Flow<T of <root>.unsafeFlow> [inline]
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
     TYPE_PARAMETER name:T index:0 variance: superTypes:[kotlin.Any?] reified:false
     VALUE_PARAMETER name:block index:0 type:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.FlowCollector<T of <root>.unsafeFlow>, kotlin.Unit> [crossinline]
     BLOCK_BODY
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/castsInsideCoroutineInference.kt
       $this: VALUE_PARAMETER name:<this> type:kotlin.Any
   FUN name:flow visibility:public modality:FINAL <T> (block:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.FlowCollector<T of <root>.flow>, kotlin.Unit>) returnType:<root>.Flow<T of <root>.flow>
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
     TYPE_PARAMETER name:T index:0 variance: superTypes:[kotlin.Any?] reified:false
     VALUE_PARAMETER name:block index:0 type:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.FlowCollector<T of <root>.flow>, kotlin.Unit>
     BLOCK_BODY
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/castsInsideCoroutineInference.kt
         CALL 'public final fun TODO (): kotlin.Nothing declared in kotlin' type=kotlin.Nothing origin=null
   FUN name:flowScope visibility:public modality:FINAL <R> (block:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.CoroutineScope, R of <root>.flowScope>) returnType:R of <root>.flowScope [suspend]
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
     TYPE_PARAMETER name:R index:0 variance: superTypes:[kotlin.Any?] reified:false
     VALUE_PARAMETER name:block index:0 type:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.CoroutineScope, R of <root>.flowScope>
     BLOCK_BODY
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ FILE fqName:<root> fileName:/castsInsideCoroutineInference.kt
       $this: VALUE_PARAMETER name:<this> type:kotlin.Any
   FUN name:produce visibility:public modality:FINAL <E> ($receiver:<root>.CoroutineScope, block:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.ProducerScope<E of <root>.produce>, kotlin.Unit>) returnType:<root>.ReceiveChannel<E of <root>.produce>
     annotations:
-      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:FINAL visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
+      OptIn(markerClass = [CLASS_REFERENCE 'CLASS IR_EXTERNAL_DECLARATION_STUB ANNOTATION_CLASS name:ExperimentalTypeInference modality:OPEN visibility:public superTypes:[kotlin.Annotation]' type=kotlin.reflect.KClass<kotlin.experimental.ExperimentalTypeInference>])
     TYPE_PARAMETER name:E index:0 variance: superTypes:[kotlin.Any?] reified:false
     $receiver: VALUE_PARAMETER name:<this> type:<root>.CoroutineScope
     VALUE_PARAMETER name:block index:0 type:@[ExtensionFunctionType] kotlin.coroutines.SuspendFunction1<<root>.ProducerScope<E of <root>.produce>, kotlin.Unit>