[FIR] Improve approximation of captured types

- Handle flexible types in recursion check
- Handle intersected supertypes separately
- Make check when not to approximate captured types in type argument
  position more fine-grained.
  Only apply it to case when the captured type is replaced by a star
  projection.
  All other cases are handled by recursive calls to
  approximateCapturedType

#KT-65377 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/inference/capturedTypes/expectedTypeHasCapturedStarArgument.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// DIAGNOSTICS: -UNUSED_PARAMETER
+interface A<V>
+
+fun interface F<O> {
+  fun apply(): A<O>
+}
+
+object C {
+  fun <V> createA(): A<V> = TODO()
+}
+
+class B<V> {
+  fun bar(function: F<out V>): B<V> = TODO()
+
+  companion object {
+    fun <X> from(a: A<X>): B<X> = TODO()
+  }
+}
+
+fun foo(a: A<*>) {
+  B.from(a).bar { C.createA() }
+}