diff --git a/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java b/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
index 4e1c87dfc7c..be40041fe58 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
@@ -40424,6 +40424,12 @@ public class FirBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated extends AbstractFirBlackBoxCodegenT
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt44942.kt");
         }
 
+        @Test
+        @TestMetadata("kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt")
+        public void testKt48163_smartCastToThrowable() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt");
+        }
+
         @Test
         @TestMetadata("lambdaArgumentWithoutType.kt")
         public void testLambdaArgumentWithoutType() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java b/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java
index 80544bb2174..46b3d4d16c0 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/fir/fir2ir/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/FirBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java
@@ -91,6 +91,12 @@ public class FirBytecodeTextTestGenerated extends AbstractFirBytecodeTextTest {
         runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/charConstant.kt");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @TestMetadata("checkcastOnThrow.kt")
+    public void testCheckcastOnThrow() throws Exception {
+        runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/checkcastOnThrow.kt");
+    }
+
     @Test
     @TestMetadata("collectionStubs.kt")
     public void testCollectionStubs() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ExpressionCodegen.kt b/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ExpressionCodegen.kt
index a68cc5f09e4..b0d0d71fad5 100644
--- a/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ExpressionCodegen.kt
+++ b/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ExpressionCodegen.kt
@@ -1327,12 +1327,11 @@ class ExpressionCodegen(
     override fun visitThrow(expression: IrThrow, data: BlockInfo): PromisedValue {
         expression.markLineNumber(startOffset = true)
         val exception = expression.value.accept(this, data)
-        // Avoid unecessary CHECKCASTs to java/lang/Throwable. If the exception is not of type Object
-        // then it must be some subtype of throwable and we don't need to coerce it.
-        if (exception.type == OBJECT_TYPE)
-            exception.materializeAt(context.irBuiltIns.throwableType)
-        else
+        // Avoid unnecessary CHECKCASTs to java/lang/Throwable.
+        if (exception.irType.isSubtypeOfClass(context.irBuiltIns.throwableClass))
             exception.materialize()
+        else
+            exception.materializeAt(context.irBuiltIns.throwableType)
         mv.athrow()
         return unitValue
     }
diff --git a/compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt b/compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb4ed0e4c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// TARGET_BACKEND: JVM
+
+import java.io.Serializable
+
+fun bar(s: Serializable) {
+    when (s) {
+        is Exception -> throw s
+        else -> Unit
+    }
+}
+
+fun box(): String {
+    try {
+        bar(Exception("OK"))
+        return "Fail"
+    } catch (e: Exception) {
+        return e.message!!
+    }
+}
diff --git a/compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/checkcastOnThrow.kt b/compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/checkcastOnThrow.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a4d8cce80be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/checkcastOnThrow.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// TARGET_BACKEND: JVM_IR
+
+fun f(x: Throwable) { throw x }
+fun f(x: Exception) { throw x }
+fun f(x: RuntimeException) { throw x }
+fun f(x: Error) { throw x }
+fun f(x: AssertionError) { throw x }
+
+// 0 CHECKCAST
diff --git a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
index 92b489b50bc..26569c7d5b1 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
@@ -40262,6 +40262,12 @@ public class BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated extends AbstractBlackBoxCodegenTest {
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt44942.kt");
         }
 
+        @Test
+        @TestMetadata("kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt")
+        public void testKt48163_smartCastToThrowable() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt");
+        }
+
         @Test
         @TestMetadata("lambdaArgumentWithoutType.kt")
         public void testLambdaArgumentWithoutType() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
index be6cbfd0c2d..ef67ae22a7e 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java
@@ -40424,6 +40424,12 @@ public class IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated extends AbstractIrBlackBoxCodegenTes
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt44942.kt");
         }
 
+        @Test
+        @TestMetadata("kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt")
+        public void testKt48163_smartCastToThrowable() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt");
+        }
+
         @Test
         @TestMetadata("lambdaArgumentWithoutType.kt")
         public void testLambdaArgumentWithoutType() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java
index 3986d6ea758..d05d5e0d6ba 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBytecodeTextTestGenerated.java
@@ -91,6 +91,12 @@ public class IrBytecodeTextTestGenerated extends AbstractIrBytecodeTextTest {
         runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/charConstant.kt");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @TestMetadata("checkcastOnThrow.kt")
+    public void testCheckcastOnThrow() throws Exception {
+        runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/checkcastOnThrow.kt");
+    }
+
     @Test
     @TestMetadata("collectionStubs.kt")
     public void testCollectionStubs() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/codegen/LightAnalysisModeTestGenerated.java b/compiler/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/codegen/LightAnalysisModeTestGenerated.java
index c8d34d3383f..69369b6a579 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/codegen/LightAnalysisModeTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/codegen/LightAnalysisModeTestGenerated.java
@@ -32290,6 +32290,11 @@ public class LightAnalysisModeTestGenerated extends AbstractLightAnalysisModeTes
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt44942.kt");
         }
 
+        @TestMetadata("kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt")
+        public void testKt48163_smartCastToThrowable() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/kt48163_smartCastToThrowable.kt");
+        }
+
         @TestMetadata("lambdaArgumentWithoutType.kt")
         public void testLambdaArgumentWithoutType() throws Exception {
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/smartCasts/lambdaArgumentWithoutType.kt");