[IR] Prevent infinite recursion when rendering bound symbol references

Refactor the renderer, make BoundSymbolReferenceRenderer a static class
to prevent calling RenderIrElementVisitor's methods from it to avoid
infinite recursion in the future.

^KT-52677 Fixed

compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java

@@ -27179,6 +27179,12 @@ public class BlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated extends AbstractBlackBoxCodegenTest {
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/ir/kt41765.kt");
         }
 
+        @Test
+        @TestMetadata("kt52677.kt")
+        public void testKt52677() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/ir/kt52677.kt");
+        }
+
         @Test
         @TestMetadata("lambdaWithLoop.kt")
         public void testLambdaWithLoop() throws Exception {

compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/codegen/IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated.java

@@ -28037,6 +28037,12 @@ public class IrBlackBoxCodegenTestGenerated extends AbstractIrBlackBoxCodegenTes
             runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/ir/kt41765.kt");
         }
 
+        @Test
+        @TestMetadata("kt52677.kt")
+        public void testKt52677() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/codegen/box/ir/kt52677.kt");
+        }
+
         @Test
         @TestMetadata("lambdaWithLoop.kt")
         public void testLambdaWithLoop() throws Exception {

compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/ir/IrTextTestGenerated.java

@@ -498,6 +498,12 @@ public class IrTextTestGenerated extends AbstractIrTextTest {
             runTest("compiler/testData/ir/irText/declarations/kt47527.kt");
         }
 
+        @Test
+        @TestMetadata("kt52677.kt")
+        public void testKt52677() throws Exception {
+            runTest("compiler/testData/ir/irText/declarations/kt52677.kt");
+        }
+
         @Test
         @TestMetadata("localClassWithOverrides.kt")
         public void testLocalClassWithOverrides() throws Exception {