[IR] Prevent infinite recursion when rendering bound symbol references

Refactor the renderer, make BoundSymbolReferenceRenderer a static class
to prevent calling RenderIrElementVisitor's methods from it to avoid
infinite recursion in the future.

^KT-52677 Fixed

compiler/testData/ir/irText/declarations/kt52677.kt.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+@Target(allowedTargets = [AnnotationTarget.TYPE])
+open annotation class MySerializable : Annotation {
+  constructor(c: KClass<*>) /* primary */ {
+    super/*Any*/()
+    /* <init>() */
+
+  }
+
+  val c: KClass<*>
+    field = c
+    get
+
+}
+
+data class LoginSuccessPacket {
+  constructor(id: @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1) /* primary */ {
+    super/*Any*/()
+    /* <init>() */
+
+  }
+
+  val id: @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1
+    field = id
+    get
+
+  operator fun component1(): @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1 {
+    return <this>.#id
+  }
+
+  fun copy(id: @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1 = <this>.#id): LoginSuccessPacket {
+    return LoginSuccessPacket(id = id)
+  }
+
+  override fun toString(): String {
+    return "LoginSuccessPacket(" + "id=" + <this>.#id + ")"
+  }
+
+  override fun hashCode(): Int {
+    return <this>.#id.hashCode()
+  }
+
+  override operator fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean {
+    when {
+      EQEQEQ(arg0 = <this>, arg1 = other) -> return true
+    }
+    when {
+      other !is LoginSuccessPacket -> return false
+    }
+    val tmp0_other_with_cast: LoginSuccessPacket = other as LoginSuccessPacket
+    when {
+      EQEQ(arg0 = <this>.#id, arg1 = tmp0_other_with_cast.#id).not() -> return false
+    }
+    return true
+  }
+
+}
+
+typealias Uuid = @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1
+interface MySerializer<T : Any?> {
+
+}
+
+object UuidSerializer : MySerializer<@MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1> {
+  private constructor() /* primary */ {
+    super/*Any*/()
+    /* <init>() */
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+class Uuid1 {
+  constructor() /* primary */ {
+    super/*Any*/()
+    /* <init>() */
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+fun foo(): @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1 {
+  throw RuntimeException()
+}
+
+fun bar(): @MySerializable(c = UuidSerializer::class) Uuid1 {
+  return foo()
+}