Improve string concatentation & string templates code generation

Reuse StringBuilder instances for nested subexpressions.
(NB StringBuilder instance for string template with a string
concatenation inside an expression entry, such as `"${"a" + "b"}"`,
will not be reused, although that doesn't seem to be a real-life issue).

 #KT-18558 Fixed Target versions 1.1.4
 #KT-13682 Fixed Target versions 1.1.4

Join adjacent strings literals, escaped strings, and constant values
(in a language version that supports const val inlining).
Use StringBuilder#append(char) for single-character constants
(e.g., " " in "$a $b").

 #KT-17280 Fixed Target versions 1.1.4
 #KT-15235 Fixed Target versions 1.1.4

compiler/testData/codegen/box/constants/kt9532.kt

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 // TODO: muted automatically, investigate should it be ran for JS or not
-// IGNORE_BACKEND: JS
 
 object A {
     const val a: String = "$"
@@ -7,7 +6,7 @@ object A {
     const val c = 10000
 
     val bNonConst = "1234$a"
-    val bNullable: String = "1234$a"
+    val bNullable: String? = "1234$a"
 }
 
 object B {
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ object B {
     const val c = 10000
 
     val bNonConst = "1234$a"
-    val bNullable: String = "1234$a"
+    val bNullable: String? = "1234$a"
 }
 
 fun box(): String {
@@ -26,8 +25,8 @@ fun box(): String {
 
     if (A.c !== B.c) return "Fail 3: A.c !== B.c"
 
-    if (A.bNonConst === B.bNonConst) return "Fail 5: A.bNonConst == B.bNonConst"
-    if (A.bNullable === B.bNullable) return "Fail 6: A.bNullable == B.bNullable"
+    if (A.bNonConst !== B.bNonConst) return "Fail 4: A.bNonConst !== B.bNonConst"
+    if (A.bNullable !== B.bNullable) return "Fail 5: A.bNullable !== B.bNullable"
 
     return "OK"
 }

compiler/testData/codegen/box/constants/kt9532_lv10.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// TODO: muted automatically, investigate should it be ran for JS or not
+// IGNORE_BACKEND: JS
+// LANGUAGE_VERSION: 1.0
+
+object A {
+    const val a: String = "$"
+    const val b = "1234$a"
+    const val c = 10000
+
+    val bNonConst = "1234$a"
+    val bNullable: String? = "1234$a"
+}
+
+object B {
+    const val a: String = "$"
+    const val b = "1234$a"
+    const val c = 10000
+
+    val bNonConst = "1234$a"
+    val bNullable: String? = "1234$a"
+}
+
+fun box(): String {
+    if (A.a !== B.a) return "Fail 1: A.a !== B.a"
+
+    if (A.b !== B.b) return "Fail 2: A.b !== B.b"
+
+    if (A.c !== B.c) return "Fail 3: A.c !== B.c"
+
+    if (A.bNonConst === B.bNonConst) return "Fail 4: A.bNonConst === B.bNonConst"
+    if (A.bNullable === B.bNullable) return "Fail 5: A.bNullable === B.bNullable"
+
+    return "OK"
+}

compiler/testData/codegen/box/strings/constInStringTemplate.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// WITH_RUNTIME
+
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+const val constTrue = true
+const val const42 = 42
+const val constPiF = 3.14F
+const val constPi = 3.1415926358
+const val constString = "string"
+
+fun box(): String {
+    assertEquals("true", "$constTrue")
+    assertEquals("42", "$const42")
+    assertEquals("3.14", "$constPiF")
+    assertEquals("3.1415926358", "$constPi")
+    assertEquals("string", "$constString")
+
+    assertEquals(constPi.toString(), "$constPi")
+    assertEquals((constPi * constPi).toString(), "${constPi * constPi}")
+
+    assertEquals("null", "${null}")
+    assertEquals("42", "${42}")
+
+    return "OK"
+}

compiler/testData/codegen/box/strings/nestedConcat.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// WITH_RUNTIME
+
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+
+fun test1(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String) =
+        (s1 + s2) + s3
+
+fun test2(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String) =
+        s1 + (s2 + s3)
+
+fun test3(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String) =
+        "s1: $s1; " +
+        "s2: $s2; " +
+        "s3: $s3"
+
+fun box(): String {
+    assertEquals("123", test1("1", "2", "3"))
+    assertEquals("123", test2("1", "2", "3"))
+    assertEquals("s1: 1; s2: 2; s3: 3", test3("1", "2", "3"))
+    return "OK"
+}

compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/kt5016.kt

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ class kt5016 {
 }
 
 // 0 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/Object;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
-// 3 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/String;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
+// 2 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/String;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
 // 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.toString

compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/kt5016int.kt

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ class kt5016int {
 }
 
 // 0 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/Object;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
-// 2 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/String;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
+// 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/String;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
 // 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(I\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
 // 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.toString

compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/kt5016intOrNull.kt

@@ -6,5 +6,5 @@ class kt5016intOrNull {
 }
 
 // 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/Object;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
-// 2 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/String;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
+// 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append \(Ljava/lang/String;\)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder
 // 1 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.toString

compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/stringOperations/kt15235.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+val c = 1
+fun foo() = "a\"($c)\"d"
+
+// 3 INVOKEVIRTUAL java/lang/StringBuilder.append

compiler/testData/codegen/bytecodeText/stringOperations/nestedConcat.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+fun test1(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String) =
+        (s1 + s2) + s3
+
+fun test2(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String) =
+        s1 + (s2 + s3)
+
+fun test3(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String, s4: String) =
+        ((s1 + s2) + ((s3 + s4)))
+
+fun test4(s1: String, s2: String, s3: String) =
+        "s1: $s1; " +
+        "s2: $s2; " +
+        "s3: $s3"
+
+// 4 NEW java/lang/StringBuilder