[Build] Migrate most of the build logic from Project.buildDir usage

It's going to be deprecated in Gradle 8.3

There's currently no way to pass a `org.gradle.api.provider.Provider` to the JavaExec.systemProperty or Test.systemProperty. There's a workaround using `org.gradle.process.CommandLineArgumentProvider`, but I intentionally don't rework these calls as Gradle is going to allow passing providers to configure system properties: https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/12247#issuecomment-1568427242
^KTI-1473 In Progress

libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-idea-proto/build.gradle.kts

@@ -94,11 +94,12 @@ run {
         implicitDependencies("com.google.protobuf:protoc:3.21.9:windows-x86_64@exe")
     }
 
-    val protocExecutable = buildDir.resolve("protoc/bin")
+    val protocExecutable = layout.buildDirectory.file("protoc/bin")
     val setupProtoc = tasks.register("setupProtoc") {
         doFirst {
-            protoc.files.single().copyTo(protocExecutable, overwrite = true)
-            protocExecutable.setExecutable(true)
+            val protocFile = protocExecutable.get().asFile
+            protoc.files.single().copyTo(protocFile, overwrite = true)
+            protocFile.setExecutable(true)
         }
     }
 
@@ -122,16 +123,16 @@ run {
 
         workingDir(project.projectDir)
 
-        commandLine(
-            *arrayOf(
-                protocExecutable.absolutePath,
+        argumentProviders.add {
+            listOf(
+                protocExecutable.get().asFile.absolutePath,
                 "-I=$protoSources",
                 "--java_out=${javaOutput.absolutePath}",
                 "--kotlin_out=${kotlinOutput.absolutePath}"
             ) + protoSources.listFiles().orEmpty()
                 .filter { it.extension == "proto" }
-                .map { it.path },
-        )
+                .map { it.path }
+        }
     }
 }