diff --git a/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinFirOutOfBlockModificationTracker.kt b/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinFirOutOfBlockModificationTracker.kt
index 33e1797ce82..41f4b5e058b 100644
--- a/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinFirOutOfBlockModificationTracker.kt
+++ b/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinFirOutOfBlockModificationTracker.kt
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import com.intellij.pom.event.PomModelEvent
 import com.intellij.pom.event.PomModelListener
 import com.intellij.pom.tree.TreeAspect
 import com.intellij.pom.tree.events.TreeChangeEvent
+import com.intellij.psi.PsiElement
 import com.intellij.psi.impl.source.tree.FileElement
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.TestOnly
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.KotlinLanguage
@@ -68,16 +69,24 @@ internal class KotlinFirModificationTrackerService(project: Project) : Disposabl
 
         override fun modelChanged(event: PomModelEvent) {
             val changeSet = event.getChangeSet(treeAspect) as TreeChangeEvent? ?: return
-            if (changeSet.rootElement.psi.language != KotlinLanguage.INSTANCE) return
+            val psi = changeSet.rootElement.psi
+            if (psi.language != KotlinLanguage.INSTANCE) return
             val changedElements = changeSet.changedElements
 
-            handleChangedElementsInAllModules(changedElements, changeSet)
+            handleChangedElementsInAllModules(changedElements, changeSet, psi)
         }
 
         private fun handleChangedElementsInAllModules(
             changedElements: Array<out ASTNode>,
-            changeSet: TreeChangeEvent
+            changeSet: TreeChangeEvent,
+            changeSetRootElementPsi: PsiElement
         ) {
+            if (!changeSetRootElementPsi.isPhysical) {
+                /**
+                 * Element which do not belong to a project should not cause OOBM
+                 */
+                return
+            }
             if (changedElements.isEmpty()) {
                 incrementModificationCountForFileChange(changeSet)
             } else {
diff --git a/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinModuleOutOfBlockTrackerTest.kt b/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinModuleOutOfBlockTrackerTest.kt
index d34b3d764f8..8e14d7ec2a4 100644
--- a/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinModuleOutOfBlockTrackerTest.kt
+++ b/idea/idea-frontend-fir/idea-fir-low-level-api/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/idea/fir/low/level/api/trackers/KotlinModuleOutOfBlockTrackerTest.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ package org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.fir.low.level.api.trackers
 
 import com.intellij.openapi.command.WriteCommandAction
 import com.intellij.openapi.module.Module
+import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project
+import com.intellij.openapi.util.ModificationTracker
 import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.LocalFileSystem
 import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.VirtualFileManager
 import com.intellij.psi.PsiDocumentManager
@@ -15,11 +17,14 @@ import com.intellij.testFramework.PsiTestUtil
 import junit.framework.Assert
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.stubs.AbstractMultiModuleTest
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.util.application.runWriteAction
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.util.rootManager
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.idea.util.sourceRoots
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtFile
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtNamedFunction
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtProperty
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.psi.KtPsiFactory
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.trackers.KotlinOutOfBlockModificationTrackerFactory
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.trackers.createModuleWithoutDependenciesOutOfBlockModificationTracker
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.trackers.createProjectWideOutOfBlockModificationTracker
 import java.nio.file.Files
 import kotlin.io.path.ExperimentalPathApi
 import kotlin.io.path.writeText
@@ -84,6 +89,40 @@ class KotlinModuleOutOfBlockTrackerTest : AbstractMultiModuleTest() {
         )
     }
 
+    fun testThatNonPhysicalFileChangeNotCausingBOOM() {
+        val moduleA = createModuleWithModificationTracker("a") {
+            listOf(
+                FileWithText("main.kt", "fun main() {}")
+            )
+        }
+        val moduleB = createModuleWithModificationTracker("b")
+
+        val moduleAWithTracker = ModuleWithModificationTracker(moduleA)
+        val moduleBWithTracker = ModuleWithModificationTracker(moduleB)
+
+
+        val projectWithModificationTracker = ProjectWithModificationTracker(project)
+
+        runWriteAction {
+            val nonPhysicalPsi = KtPsiFactory(moduleA.project).createFile("nonPhysical", "val a = c")
+            nonPhysicalPsi.add(KtPsiFactory(moduleA.project).createFunction("fun x(){}"))
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertFalse(
+            "Out of block modification count for module A should not change after non physical file change, modification count is ${moduleAWithTracker.modificationCount}",
+            moduleAWithTracker.changed()
+        )
+        Assert.assertFalse(
+            "Out of block modification count for module B should not change after non physical file change, modification count is ${moduleBWithTracker.modificationCount}",
+            moduleBWithTracker.changed()
+        )
+
+        Assert.assertFalse(
+            "Out of block modification count for project should not change after non physical file change, modification count is ${projectWithModificationTracker.modificationCount}",
+            projectWithModificationTracker.changed()
+        )
+    }
+
     private fun Module.typeInFunctionBody(fileName: String, textAfterTyping: String) {
         val file = "${sourceRoots.first().url}/$fileName"
         val virtualFile = VirtualFileManager.getInstance().findFileByUrl(file)!!
@@ -119,14 +158,19 @@ class KotlinModuleOutOfBlockTrackerTest : AbstractMultiModuleTest() {
 
     private data class FileWithText(val name: String, val text: String)
 
-    private class ModuleWithModificationTracker(module: Module) {
-        private val modificationTracker = module.createModuleWithoutDependenciesOutOfBlockModificationTracker()
+    abstract class WithModificationTracker(protected val modificationTracker: ModificationTracker) {
         private val initialModificationCount = modificationTracker.modificationCount
-
-        val modificationCount: Long
-            get() = modificationTracker.modificationCount
+        val modificationCount: Long get() = modificationTracker.modificationCount
 
         fun changed(): Boolean =
             modificationTracker.modificationCount != initialModificationCount
     }
+
+    private class ModuleWithModificationTracker(module: Module) : WithModificationTracker(
+        module.createModuleWithoutDependenciesOutOfBlockModificationTracker()
+    )
+
+    private class ProjectWithModificationTracker(project: Project) : WithModificationTracker(
+        project.createProjectWideOutOfBlockModificationTracker()
+    )
 }
\ No newline at end of file