[FIR] move deprecation calculation to COMPILER_REQUIRED_ANNOTATIONS phase

Also, this change adds SinceKotlin and Java.Deprecated to this phase
It fixes some problems with API_NOT_AVAILABLE, so now it is closer to K1

^KT-57648 Fixed
^KT-55723 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/deprecated/deprecatedConstructorProperty.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// !DIAGNOSTICS: -UNUSED_PARAMETER
+
+// FILE: A.kt
+class A(@Deprecated("") val s: String) {
+
+    constructor(i: Int) : this(i.toString()) {
+
+    }
+}
+
+// FILE: use.kt
+fun use() {
+    A("").<!DEPRECATION!>s<!>
+    A(42).<!DEPRECATION!>s<!>
+}