[NI] Make subtyping algorithm more robust to error types

During subtyping/incorporation we transform types (e.g. changing nullability,
 form of the type) and, basically, we're doing this to some FIXPOINT.
 It's important that we use `KotlinType.hashCode()` to compare types, but
 for error types hashCode is a hashCode of its supertype and, for example,
 `makeNullableAsSpecified` method recreate type every time. So, we continue
 to generate new constraints and we'll never stop incorporation algorithm

compiler/resolution/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/resolve/calls/inference/components/ConstraintInjector.kt

@@ -154,6 +154,11 @@ class ConstraintInjector(val constraintIncorporator: ConstraintIncorporator, val
                     ?: error("Should by type variableConstructor: $typeVariableConstructor. ${c.allTypeVariables.values}")
 
             var targetType = type
+            if (targetType.isError) {
+                c.addError(ConstrainingTypeIsError(typeVariable, targetType, position))
+                return
+            }
+
             if (type.contains(this::isCapturedTypeFromSubtyping)) {
                 // TypeVariable <: type -> if TypeVariable <: subType => TypeVariable <: type
                 if (kind == UPPER) {

compiler/resolution/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/resolve/calls/inference/model/ConstraintPositionAndErrors.kt

@@ -92,4 +92,10 @@ class CapturedTypeFromSubtyping(
     val position: ConstraintPosition
 ) : ConstraintSystemCallDiagnostic(INAPPLICABLE)
 
-class NotEnoughInformationForTypeParameter(val typeVariable: NewTypeVariable) : ConstraintSystemCallDiagnostic(INAPPLICABLE)
+class NotEnoughInformationForTypeParameter(val typeVariable: NewTypeVariable) : ConstraintSystemCallDiagnostic(INAPPLICABLE)
+
+class ConstrainingTypeIsError(
+    val typeVariable: NewTypeVariable,
+    val constraintType: UnwrappedType,
+    val position: IncorporationConstraintPosition
+) : ConstraintSystemCallDiagnostic(INAPPLICABLE)