[LL FIR] improve contract violation checks

Add check into LLFirModuleLazyDeclarationResolver to die fast
and avoid StackOverflowError for jumping phases

^KT-56551
^KT-57802
^KT-57811

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/modifiers/const/kotlinJavaCycle.fail

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Suppressed: org.jetbrains.kotlin.util.ReenteringLazyValueComputationException
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.DeferredType.lambda$static$0(DeferredType.java:35)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.storage.LockBasedStorageManager$3.recursionDetected(LockBasedStorageManager.java:192)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.storage.LockBasedStorageManager$LockBasedLazyValue.invoke(LockBasedStorageManager.java:393)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.storage.LockBasedStorageManager$LockBasedNotNullLazyValue.invoke(LockBasedStorageManager.java:527)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.DeferredType.getDelegate(DeferredType.java:108)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.WrappedType.getAttributes(KotlinType.kt:135)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.KotlinType.getAnnotations(KotlinType.kt:57)
+		at org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.checker.ClassicTypeSystemContext$DefaultImpls.hasAnnotation(ClassicTypeSystemContext.kt:753)

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/modifiers/const/kotlinJavaCycle.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// IGNORE_REVERSED_RESOLVE
+// IGNORE_CONTRACT_VIOLATIONS
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// FILE: Bar.java
+
+public class Bar {
+    public static final int BAR = Foo.FOO + 1;
+}
+
+// FILE: Test.kt
+
+class Foo {
+    companion object {
+        const val FOO = Baz.BAZ + 1
+    }
+}
+
+class Baz {
+    companion object {
+        const val BAZ = Bar.BAR + 1
+    }
+}