[WasmJs] Support catching JS exceptions

Fixed #KT-65660

libraries/stdlib/wasm/js/internal/ExceptionHelpers.kt

@@ -18,4 +18,8 @@ private fun throwJsError(message: String?, wasmTypeName: String?, stack: Externa
 
 internal fun throwAsJsException(t: Throwable): Nothing {
     throwJsError(t.message, getSimpleName(t.typeInfo), t.jsStack)
+}
+
+internal fun throwJsException(): Nothing {
+    throw JsException()
 }

libraries/stdlib/wasm/js/src/kotlin/js/JsException.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010-2024 JetBrains s.r.o. and Kotlin Programming Language contributors.
+ * Use of this source code is governed by the Apache 2.0 license that can be found in the license/LICENSE.txt file.
+ */
+
+package kotlin.js
+
+/**
+ * Exception thrown by the JavaScript code.
+ * All exceptions thrown by JS code are signalled to Wasm code as `JsException`.
+ * One can catch such exception in Wasm, but no details of the original exception can be retrieved from it.
+ * */
+public class JsException : Throwable(message = "Exception was thrown while running JavaScript code")