diff --git a/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ClassCodegen.kt b/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ClassCodegen.kt
index 04cb8163ea8..4c79c6a9a6e 100644
--- a/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ClassCodegen.kt
+++ b/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/codegen/ClassCodegen.kt
@@ -258,13 +258,16 @@ class ClassCodegen private constructor(
             extraFlags = extraFlags or JvmAnnotationNames.METADATA_SCRIPT_FLAG
         }
 
-        // There are three kinds of classes which are regenerated during inlining.
+        // There are four kinds of classes which are regenerated during inlining.
         // 1) Anonymous classes which are in the scope of an inline function.
         // 2) SAM wrappers used in an inline function. These are identified by name, since they
         //    can be reused in different functions and are thus generated in the enclosing top-level
         //    class instead of inside of an inline function.
-        // 3) WhenMapping classes used from inline functions. These are collected in
+        // 3) WhenMapping classes used from public inline functions. These are collected in
         //    `JvmBackendContext.publicAbiSymbols` in `MappedEnumWhenLowering`.
+        // 4) Annotation implementation classes used from public inline function. Similar to
+        //    public WhenMapping classes, these are collected in `publicAbiSymbols` in
+        //    `JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer`.
         val isPublicAbi = irClass.symbol in context.publicAbiSymbols || irClass.isInlineSamWrapper ||
                 type.isAnonymousClass && irClass.isInPublicInlineScope
 
diff --git a/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/lower/JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer.kt b/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/lower/JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer.kt
index c163521b593..a73db7628fd 100644
--- a/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/lower/JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer.kt
+++ b/compiler/ir/backend.jvm/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/backend/jvm/lower/JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer.kt
@@ -11,18 +11,20 @@ import org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.common.lower.AnnotationImplementationTransfo
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.common.phaser.makeIrFilePhase
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.jvm.JvmBackendContext
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.jvm.ir.createJvmIrBuilder
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.jvm.ir.isInPublicInlineScope
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.backend.jvm.lower.FunctionReferenceLowering.Companion.javaClassReference
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.builders.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.builders.declarations.addFunction
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.declarations.IrClass
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.declarations.IrDeclaration
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.declarations.IrFile
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.declarations.IrFunction
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.expressions.IrConstructorCall
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.expressions.IrExpression
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.symbols.IrClassSymbol
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.types.*
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.util.defaultType
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.util.findDeclaration
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.util.isPrimitiveArray
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.util.render
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.ir.util.*
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.utils.addToStdlib.safeAs
 
 internal val annotationImplementationPhase = makeIrFilePhase<JvmBackendContext>(
     { ctxt -> AnnotationImplementationLowering { JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer(ctxt, it) } },
@@ -32,6 +34,20 @@ internal val annotationImplementationPhase = makeIrFilePhase<JvmBackendContext>(
 
 class JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer(val jvmContext: JvmBackendContext, file: IrFile) :
     AnnotationImplementationTransformer(jvmContext, file) {
+    private val publicAnnotationImplementationClasses = mutableSetOf<IrClassSymbol>()
+
+    // FIXME: Copied from JvmSingleAbstractMethodLowering
+    private val inInlineFunctionScope: Boolean
+        get() = allScopes.any { it.irElement.safeAs<IrDeclaration>()?.isInPublicInlineScope == true }
+
+    override fun visitConstructorCall(expression: IrConstructorCall): IrExpression {
+        val constructedClass = expression.type.classOrNull
+        if (constructedClass?.owner?.isAnnotationClass == true && inInlineFunctionScope) {
+            publicAnnotationImplementationClasses += constructedClass
+        }
+        return super.visitConstructorCall(expression)
+    }
+
     override fun IrType.kClassToJClassIfNeeded(): IrType = when {
         this.isKClass() -> jvmContext.ir.symbols.javaLangClass.starProjectedType
         this.isKClassArray() -> jvmContext.irBuiltIns.arrayClass.typeWith(
@@ -72,6 +88,12 @@ class JvmAnnotationImplementationTransformer(val jvmContext: JvmBackendContext,
     }
 
     override fun implementPlatformSpecificParts(annotationClass: IrClass, implClass: IrClass) {
+        // Mark the implClass as part of the public ABI if it was instantiated from a public
+        // inline function, since annotation implementation classes are regenerated during inlining.
+        if (annotationClass.symbol in publicAnnotationImplementationClasses) {
+            jvmContext.publicAbiSymbols += implClass.symbol
+        }
+
         implClass.addFunction(
             name = "annotationType",
             returnType = jvmContext.ir.symbols.javaLangClass.starProjectedType,