diff --git a/analysis/analysis-api-standalone/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/project/structure/impl/KtModuleProviderImpl.kt b/analysis/analysis-api-standalone/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/project/structure/impl/KtModuleProviderImpl.kt
index 4c11abc8804..b9cdc26a71c 100644
--- a/analysis/analysis-api-standalone/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/project/structure/impl/KtModuleProviderImpl.kt
+++ b/analysis/analysis-api-standalone/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/project/structure/impl/KtModuleProviderImpl.kt
@@ -15,9 +15,15 @@ internal class KtModuleProviderImpl(
     internal val mainModules: List<KtModule>,
 ) : ProjectStructureProvider() {
     override fun getKtModuleForKtElement(element: PsiElement): KtModule {
-        val containingFile = element.containingFile.virtualFile
+        val containingFileAsPsiFile = element.containingFile
+            ?: error("Can't get containing PsiFile for ${element.text}")
+        // If an [element] is created on the fly, e.g., via [KtPsiFactory],
+        // its containing [PsiFile] may not have [VirtualFile].
+        // That also means the [element] is not bound to any [KtModule] either.
+        val containingFileAsVirtualFile = containingFileAsPsiFile.virtualFile
+            ?: error("Can't get containing VirtualFile for ${element.text} in $containingFileAsPsiFile")
         return mainModules.first { module ->
-            containingFile in module.contentScope
+            containingFileAsVirtualFile in module.contentScope
         }
     }