[NI] Implement various optimizations for incorporation algorithm

Mostly, these optimisations are picked from the old inference.
 Also, remove exponential complexity for flexible types in approximation,
 note that more correct fix for this would be to introduce new types
 that corresponds just to platform types to avoid nullability problems,
 but due to complexity it will be done later

 #KT-31415 Fixed

core/descriptors/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/types/checker/ClassicTypeSystemContext.kt

@@ -127,12 +127,12 @@ interface ClassicTypeSystemContext : TypeSystemInferenceExtensionContext {
         return this.constructor
     }
 
-    override fun SimpleTypeMarker.argumentsCount(): Int {
-        require(this is SimpleType, this::errorMessage)
+    override fun KotlinTypeMarker.argumentsCount(): Int {
+        require(this is KotlinType, this::errorMessage)
         return this.arguments.size
     }
 
-    override fun SimpleTypeMarker.getArgument(index: Int): TypeArgumentMarker {
+    override fun KotlinTypeMarker.getArgument(index: Int): TypeArgumentMarker {
         require(this is SimpleType, this::errorMessage)
         return this.arguments[index]
     }

core/type-system/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/types/model/TypeSystemContext.kt

@@ -167,8 +167,8 @@ interface TypeSystemContext : TypeSystemOptimizationContext {
     fun SimpleTypeMarker.withNullability(nullable: Boolean): SimpleTypeMarker
     fun SimpleTypeMarker.typeConstructor(): TypeConstructorMarker
 
-    fun SimpleTypeMarker.argumentsCount(): Int
-    fun SimpleTypeMarker.getArgument(index: Int): TypeArgumentMarker
+    fun KotlinTypeMarker.argumentsCount(): Int
+    fun KotlinTypeMarker.getArgument(index: Int): TypeArgumentMarker
 
     fun SimpleTypeMarker.getArgumentOrNull(index: Int): TypeArgumentMarker? {
         if (index in 0 until argumentsCount()) return getArgument(index)