K2: Fix false-positive on delegated constructor call of outer class

See callingOuterGenericClassConstructorWithSelfTypes.kt
Previously, for A<B>(""), we used substituted constructor
where `X` was substituted with `B` (or `A<X>.B`).

But when resolving the call for constructor, we use `X`
as a type variable of the call, thus in some positions
we used `X` as TV (Xv in the comments) and somewhere `X` as a type
parameter, thus leading to contradictions (see clarifying comment).

The idea of the fix is simply repeating of the regular (not delegated)
constructor call resolution:
- We substitute only type parameters of outer class
- All the declared parameters of the callee are being checked
through regular resolution & inference mechanisms.

NB: Diagnostic only being reported on arguments because there
when we add `String <: Any` constraint it fails due to existing
contradiction in the CS.

Without the argument/parameter the error is just being lost, but that's
a different story (seeKT-65224).

^KT-64841 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/j+k/genericConstructor/superCallImpossibleToInfer.fir.kt

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ public class A<E> {
 // TODO: It's effectively impossible to perform super call to such constructor
 // if there is not enough information to infer corresponding arguments
 // May be we could add some special syntax for such arguments
-class B1(x: List<String>) : <!NEW_INFERENCE_NO_INFORMATION_FOR_PARAMETER, NEW_INFERENCE_NO_INFORMATION_FOR_PARAMETER!>A<CharSequence><!>("", x)
+class B1(x: List<String>) : <!NEW_INFERENCE_NO_INFORMATION_FOR_PARAMETER!>A<CharSequence><!>("", x)
 class B2(x: List<Int>) : A<CharSequence>("", <!ARGUMENT_TYPE_MISMATCH!>x<!>)
 
 class C : A<CharSequence> {
-    constructor(x: List<String>) : <!NEW_INFERENCE_NO_INFORMATION_FOR_PARAMETER, NEW_INFERENCE_NO_INFORMATION_FOR_PARAMETER!>super<!>("", x)
+    constructor(x: List<String>) : <!NEW_INFERENCE_NO_INFORMATION_FOR_PARAMETER!>super<!>("", x)
     constructor(x: List<Int>, y: Int) : super("", <!ARGUMENT_TYPE_MISMATCH!>x<!>)
 }