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update: docs for CocoaPods dependencies (#4272)

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Described scenarios on how to add dependencies on Pod libraries stored in the CocoaPods repository or locally as well as use a Kotlin/Native Gradle project as a CocoaPods dependency (Kotlin Pod).

Reviewed by: @SvyatoslavScherbina @ilmat192 @zoldater Liliya Abdulina @B1ggDave 
Fixed code highlighting in Concurrency
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COCOAPODS.md
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# CocoaPods integration # CocoaPods integration
Starting with 1.3.30, an experimental integration with [CocoaPods](https://cocoapods.org/) is added Kotlin/Native provides integration with the [CocoaPods dependency manager](https://cocoapods.org/). You can add
to Kotlin/Native. This feature allows you to represent a Kotlin/Native Gradle-project as a dependencies on Pod libraries stored in the CocoaPods repository or locally as well as use a multiplatform project with
CocoaPods dependency. Such a representation provides the following advantages: native targets as a CocoaPods dependency (Kotlin Pod).
- Such a dependency can be included in a Podfile of an Xcode project and automatically built (and rebuilt) You can manage Pod dependencies directly in IntelliJ IDEA and enjoy all the additional features such as code highlighting
along with this project. As a result, importing to Xcode is simplified since there is no need to and completion. You can build the whole Kotlin project with Gradle and not ever have to switch to Xcode.
write corresponding Gradle tasks and Xcode build steps manually. Use Xcode only when you need to write Swift/Objective-C code or run your application on a simulator or device.
- When building from Xcode, you can use CocoaPods libraries without writing Depending on your project and purposes, you can add dependencies between:
.def files manually and setting cinterop tool parameters. In this case, all required parameters can be * [A Kotlin project and a Pod library from the CocoaPods repository](#add-a-dependency-on-a-pod-library-from-the-cocoapods-repository)
obtained from the Xcode project configured by CocoaPods. * [A Kotlin project and a Pod library stored locally](#add-a-dependency-on-a-pod-library-stored-locally)
* [A Kotlin Pod and an Xcode project with one target](#add-a-dependency-between-a-kotlin-pod-and-xcode-project-with-one-target)
or [several targets](#add-a-dependency-between-a-kotlin-pod-with-an-xcode-project-with-several-targets)
For an example of CocoaPods integration, refer to the >You can also add dependencies between a Kotlin Pod and multiple Xcode projects. However, in this case you need to add a
[`cocoapods`](https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin-native/tree/master/samples/cocoapods) sample. >dependency by calling `pod install` manually for each Xcode project. In other cases, it's done automatically.
{:.note}
## CocoaPods Gradle plugin ## Install the CocoaPods dependency manager and plugin
The CocoaPods support is implemented in a separate Gradle plugin: `org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.cocoapods`. 1. Install the [CocoaPods dependency manager](https://cocoapods.org/).
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="ruby" data-highlight-only>
```ruby
$ sudo gem install cocoapods
```
</div>
> __Note:__ The plugin is based on the multiplatform project model and requires applying the 2. Install the [`cocoapods-generate`](https://github.com/square/cocoapods-generate) plugin.
`org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform` plugin. See details about the multiplatform plugin at
the [corresponding page](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/building-mpp-with-gradle.html). <div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="ruby" data-highlight-only>
```ruby
$ sudo gem install cocoapods-generate
```
</div>
3. In `build.gradle.kts` (or `build.gradle`) of your IDEA project, apply the CocoaPods plugin as well as the Kotlin
Multiplatform plugin.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin
plugins {
kotlin("multiplatform") version "{{ site.data.releases.latest.version }}"
kotlin("native.cocoapods") version "{{ site.data.releases.latest.version }}"
}
```
</div>
4. Configure `summary`, `homepage`, and `frameworkName`of the `Podspec` file in the `cocoapods` block.
`version` is a version of the Gradle project.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin
plugins {
kotlin("multiplatform") version "{{ site.data.releases.latest.version }}"
kotlin("native.cocoapods") version "{{ site.data.releases.latest.version }}"
}
// CocoaPods requires the podspec to have a version.
version = "1.0"
kotlin {
cocoapods {
// Configure fields required by CocoaPods.
summary = "Some description for a Kotlin/Native module"
homepage = "Link to a Kotlin/Native module homepage"
// You can change the name of the produced framework.
// By default, it is the name of the Gradle project.
frameworkName = "my_framework"
}
}
```
</div>
5. Re-import the project.
When applied, the CocoaPods plugin does the following: When applied, the CocoaPods plugin does the following:
1. Adds both `debug` and `release` frameworks as output binaries for all iOS and macOS targets. * Adds both `debug` and `release` frameworks as output binaries for all macOS, iOS, tvOS, and watchOS targets.
2. Creates a `podspec` task which generates a [podspec](https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podspec.html) * Creates a `podspec` task which generates a [Podspec](https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podspec.html)
file for the given project. file for the project.
The podspec generated includes a path to an output framework and script phases which automate building The `Podspec` file includes a path to an output framework and script phases that automate building this framework during
this framework during a build process of an Xcode project. Some fields of the podspec file can be the build process of an Xcode project.
configured using the `kotlin.cocoapods { ... }` code block.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="kotlin"> ## Add dependencies on Pod libraries
```kotlin You can add dependencies between a Kotlin project and Pod libraries [stored in the CocoaPods repository](#add-a-dependency-on-a-pod-library-from-the-cocoapods-repository)
// Apply plugins. and [stored locally](#add-a-dependency-on-a-pod-library-stored-locally).
plugins {
id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.multiplatform") version "1.3.30"
id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.cocoapods") version "1.3.30"
}
// CocoaPods requires the podspec to have a version. [Complete the initial configuration](#install-the-cocoapods-dependency-manager-and-plugin), and when you add a new
version = "1.0" dependency and re-import the project in IntelliJ IDEA; the new dependency will be added automatically. There are no
additional steps required.
kotlin { ### Add a dependency on a Pod library from the CocoaPods repository
cocoapods {
// Configure fields required by CocoaPods.
summary = "Some description for a Kotlin/Native module"
homepage = "Link to a Kotlin/Native module homepage"
// The name of the produced framework can be changed. 1. Add dependencies on a Pod library that you want to use from the CocoaPods repository with `pod()` to `build.gradle.kts`
// The name of the Gradle project is used here by default. (`build.gradle`) of your project.
frameworkName = "my_framework" > You can also add dependencies on subspecs.
{:.note} >
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin
kotlin {
ios()
cocoapods {
summary = "CocoaPods test library"
homepage = "https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin"
pod("AFNetworking", "~> 4.0.0")
pod("SDWebImage/MapKit")
}
} }
}
```
</div>
The following podspec fields are required by CocoaPods:
- `version`
- `summary`
- `homepage`
A version of the Gradle project is used as a value for the `version` field.
Fields`summary` and `homepage` can be configured using the `cocoapods` code block.
This podspec file can be referenced from a [Podfile](https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/the-podfile.html)
of an Xcode project. After that the framework built from the Kotlin/Native module can be used from
this Xcode project. If necessary, this framework is automatically rebuilt during Xcode build process.
## Workflow
To import a Kotlin/Native module in an existing Xcode project:
0. Make sure that you have CocoaPods [installed](https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/getting-started.html#installation).
We recommend using CocoaPods 1.6.1 or later.
1. Configure a Gradle project: apply the `org.jetbrains.kotlin.native.cocoapods` plugin, add
and configure the targets, and specify the required podspec fields.
2. Run the `podspec` task. The podspec file described above will be generated.
> In order to avoid compatibility issues during an Xcode build, the plugin requires using
a [Gradle wrapper](https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/gradle_wrapper.html).
To generate the wrapper automatically during execution of the `podspec` task,
run it with the parameter `-Pkotlin.native.cocoapods.generate.wrapper=true`.
3. Add a reference to the generated podspec in a Podfile of the Xcode project.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="ruby">
```ruby
target 'my-ios-app' do
pod 'my_kotlin_library', :path => 'path/to/my-kotlin-library'
end
``` ```
</div> </div>
4. Run `pod install` for the Xcode project. 2. Re-import the project.
After completing these steps, you can
open the generated workspace (see [CocoaPods documentation](https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/using-cocoapods.html#installation))
and run an Xcode build.
## Interoperability To use these dependencies from the Kotlin code, import the packages `cocoapods.<library-name>`.
The CocoaPods plugin also allows using CocoaPods libraries without manual configuring cinterop <div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
parameters (see the [corresponding section](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/building-mpp-with-gradle.html#cinterop-support)
of the multiplatform plugin documentation). The `cocoapods { ... }` code block allows you to
add dependencies on CocoaPods libraries.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="kotlin">
```kotlin ```kotlin
kotlin { import cocoapods.AFNetworking.*
cocoapods { import cocoapods.SDWebImage.*
// Configure a dependency on AFNetworking.
// The CocoaPods version notation is supported.
// The dependency will be added to all macOS and iOS targets.
pod("AFNetworking", "~> 3.2.0")
}
}
``` ```
</div> </div>
To use these dependencies from a Kotlin code, import a package `cocoapods.<library-name>`. You can find a sample project [here](https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlin-with-cocoapods-sample).
In the example above, it's `cocoapods.AFNetworking`.
The dependencies declared in this way are added in the podspec file and downloaded during ### Add a dependency on a Pod library stored locally
the execution of `pod install`.
> __Important:__ To correctly import the dependencies into the Kotlin/Native module, the 1. Add a dependency on a Pod library stored locally with `pod()` to `build.gradle.kts` (`build.gradle`) of your
Podfile must contain either [`use_modular_headers!`](https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podfile.html#use_modular_headers_bang) project.
As the third parameter, specify the path to `Podspec` of the local Pod using `project.file(..)`.
> You can add local dependencies on subspecs as well.
> The `cocoapods` block can include dependencies to Pods stored locally and Pods from the CocoaPods repository at
> the same time.
{:.note}
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin
kotlin {
ios()
cocoapods {
summary = "CocoaPods test library"
homepage = "https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin"
pod("pod_dependency", "1.0", project.file("../pod_dependency/pod_dependency.podspec"))
pod("subspec_dependency/Core", "1.0", project.file("../subspec_dependency/subspec_dependency.podspec"))
pod("AFNetworking", "~> 4.0.0")
pod("SDWebImage/MapKit")
}
}
```
</div>
2. Re-import the project.
If you want to use dependencies on local pods from Kotlin code, import the corresponding packages.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin
import cocoapods.pod_dependency.*
import cocoapods.subspec_dependency.*
```
</div>
You can find a sample project [here](https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlin-with-cocoapods-sample).
## Use a Kotlin Gradle project as a CocoaPods dependency
You can use a Kotlin Multiplatform project with native targets as a CocoaPods dependency (Kotlin Pod). You can include such a dependency
in the Podfile of the Xcode project by its name and path to the project directory containing the generated Podspec.
This dependency will be automatically built (and rebuilt) along with this project.
Such an approach simplifies importing to Xcode by removing a need to write the corresponding Gradle tasks and Xcode build steps manually.
You can add dependencies between:
* [A Kotlin Pod and an Xcode project with one target](#add-a-dependency-between-a-kotlin-pod-and-xcode-project-with-one-target)
* [A Kotlin Pod and an Xcode project with several targets](#add-a-dependency-between-a-kotlin-pod-with-an-xcode-project-with-several-targets)
> To correctly import the dependencies into the Kotlin/Native module, the
`Podfile` must contain either [`use_modular_headers!`](https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podfile.html#use_modular_headers_bang)
or [`use_frameworks!`](https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podfile.html#use_frameworks_bang) or [`use_frameworks!`](https://guides.cocoapods.org/syntax/podfile.html#use_frameworks_bang)
directive. directive.
{:.note}
Search paths for libraries added in the Kotlin/Native module in this way are obtained ### Add a dependency between a Kotlin Pod and Xcode project with one target
from properties of the Xcode projects configured by CocoaPods. Thus if the module uses
CocoaPods libraries, it can be build __only__ __from__ __Xcode__.
## Current Limitations 1. Create an Xcode project with a `Podfile` if you haven’t done so yet.
2. Add the path to your Xcode project `Podfile` with `podfile = project.file(..)` to `build.gradle.kts` (`build.gradle`)
of your Kotlin project.
This step helps synchronize your Xcode project with Kotlin Pod dependencies by calling `pod install` for your `Podfile`.
3. Specify the minimum target version for the Pod library.
> If you don't specify the minimum target version and a dependency Pod requires a higher deployment target, you may get an error.
{:.note}
- If a Kotlin/Native module uses a CocoaPods library, you can build this module only from an Xcode project. <div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
Otherwise the CocoaPods library cannot be resolved by the Kotlin/Native infrastructure.
```kotlin
kotlin {
ios()
cocoapods {
summary = "CocoaPods test library"
homepage = "https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin"
ios.deploymentTarget = "13.5"
pod("AFNetworking", "~> 4.0.0")
podfile = project.file("../ios-app/Podfile")
}
}
```
</div>
4. Add the name and path of the Kotlin Pod you want to include in the Xcode project to `Podfile`.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="ruby" data-highlight-only>
```ruby
use_frameworks!
platform :ios, '9.0'
target 'ios-app' do
pod 'kotlin_library', :path => '../kotlin-library'
end
```
</div>
5. Re-import the project.
### Add a dependency between a Kotlin Pod with an Xcode project with several targets
1. Create an Xcode project with a `Podfile` if you haven’t done so yet.
2. Add the path to your Xcode project `Podfile` with `podfile = project.file(..)` to `build.gradle.kts` (`build.gradle`) of
your Kotlin project.
This step helps synchronize your Xcode project with Kotlin Pod dependencies by calling `pod install` for your `Podfile`.
3. Add dependencies to the Pod libraries that you want to use in your project with `pod()`.
4. For each target, specify the minimum target version for the Pod library.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin
kotlin {
ios()
tvos()
cocoapods {
summary = "CocoaPods test library"
homepage = "https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin"
ios.deploymentTarget = "13.5"
tvos.deploymentTarget = "13.4"
pod("AFNetworking", "~> 4.0.0")
podfile = project.file("../severalTargetsXcodeProject/Podfile") // specify the path to Podfile
}
}
```
</div>
5. Add the name and path of the Kotlin Pod you want to include in the Xcode project to the `Podfile`.
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" mode="ruby" data-highlight-only>
```ruby
target 'iosApp' do
use_frameworks!
platform :ios, '13.5'
# Pods for iosApp
pod 'kotlin_library', :path => '../kotlin-library'
end
target 'TVosApp' do
use_frameworks!
platform :tvos, '13.4'
# Pods for TVosApp
pod 'kotlin_library', :path => '../kotlin-library'
end
```
</div>
6. Re-import the project.
You can find a sample project [here](https://github.com/Kotlin/multitarget-xcode-with-kotlin-cocoapods-sample).
CONCURRENCY.md
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@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ future.consume {
concurrent threads, if the worker mechanisms are insufficient for a particular task. Note, that object detachment concurrent threads, if the worker mechanisms are insufficient for a particular task. Note, that object detachment
may require explicit leaving function holding object references and then performing cyclic garbage collection. may require explicit leaving function holding object references and then performing cyclic garbage collection.
For example, code like: For example, code like:
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin ```kotlin
val graph = DetachedObjectGraph { val graph = DetachedObjectGraph {
val map = mutableMapOf<String, String>() val map = mutableMapOf<String, String>()
@@ -103,7 +106,13 @@ val graph = DetachedObjectGraph {
map map
} }
``` ```
</div>
will not work as expected and will throw runtime exception, as there are uncollected cycles in the detached graph, while: will not work as expected and will throw runtime exception, as there are uncollected cycles in the detached graph, while:
<div class="sample" markdown="1" theme="idea" data-highlight-only>
```kotlin ```kotlin
val graph = DetachedObjectGraph { val graph = DetachedObjectGraph {
{ {
@@ -117,6 +126,9 @@ val graph = DetachedObjectGraph {
} }
} }
``` ```
</div>
will work properly, as holding references will be released, and then cyclic garbage affecting reference counter is will work properly, as holding references will be released, and then cyclic garbage affecting reference counter is
collected. collected.
@@ -207,4 +219,4 @@ that are potentially parts of shared cyclic data should be zeroed out once no lo
If atomic reference value is attempted to be set to non-frozen value runtime exception is thrown. If atomic reference value is attempted to be set to non-frozen value runtime exception is thrown.
Freezable atomic reference is similar to the regular atomic reference, but until frozen behaves like regular box Freezable atomic reference is similar to the regular atomic reference, but until frozen behaves like regular box
for a reference. After freezing it behaves like an atomic reference, and can only hold a reference to a frozen object. for a reference. After freezing it behaves like an atomic reference, and can only hold a reference to a frozen object.