Confluence docs. Initial version

2012-05-30 14:41:14 +04:00
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+This document provides a quick comparison of [Kotlin] to *Java*.
+
+h3. Fixes
+
+Safety problems in *Java* that are fixed in [Kotlin]:
+* Null references are controlled by the type system, i.e. [Kotlin] has [no {{NPE}}'s|Null-safety]
+* Full type information is [retained at runtime|Generics#Reified generics], i.e. better reflection/safer instanceof-checks
+* [No raw types|Java interoperability#Java generics in Up]
+* Arrays in [Kotlin] are [invariant|Basic types#Arrays]
+
+Usability problems in *Java* that are fixed in [Kotlin]:
+* [Kotlin] has [higher-order functions|Functions#Higher-order functions], aka closures
+** And with [inlining|Functions#Inline functions] they are cheap
+* [Use-site variance without wildcards|Generics#Type projections]
+* [Declaration-site variance|Generics#Declaration-site variance]
+* [Kotlin] has [no checked exceptions|Exceptions]
+
+h3. What Java has and [Kotlin] has not
+
+* [Checked exceptions|Exceptions]
+* [Primitive types|Basic types] that are not objects
+* [Static members|Classes and Inheritance#Class objects]
+* [Non-private fields|Properties And Fields]
+* [Type erasure|Java interoperability#Java generics in Up]
+* [Wildcard-types|Generics#Variance]
+
+h3. What [Kotlin] has and Java has not
+
+* [Function literals] + [Inline functions|Functions#Inline functions] = performant custom control structures
+* [Null-safety]
+* [Smart casts|Type casts]
+* [String templates|Strings#Templates]
+* [Properties|Properties And Fields]
+* [Primary constructors|Classes and Inheritance#Primary constructors]
+* [Mixins and First-class delegation|Classes and Inheritance#Inheritance]
+* [Extension functions]
+* [Type inference for variable and property types|Basic syntax walk-through#Define a local variable]
+* [Singletons|Object expressions and Declarations]
+* [Declaration-site variance & Type projections|Generics#Variance]
+* [Modules|Modules and Compilation]
+* [Range expressions|Ranges]
+* [Pattern matching]
+* [Generic types retained at runtime|Generics#Reified generics]
+* [Operator overloading]
+* [Class objects|Generics#Class objects]
+
+h3. What's next
+
+* [Comparison to Scala]