diff --git a/compiler/cli/build.gradle.kts b/compiler/cli/build.gradle.kts
index 8bc3a3dbda7..2f8ccc19004 100644
--- a/compiler/cli/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/compiler/cli/build.gradle.kts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ dependencies {
     api(project(":compiler:fir:java"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:entrypoint"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir"))
-    api(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir:jvm-backend"))
+    implementation(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir:jvm-backend"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:checkers"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:checkers:checkers.jvm"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:checkers:checkers.js"))
diff --git a/compiler/cli/cli-js/build.gradle.kts b/compiler/cli/cli-js/build.gradle.kts
index 3d400d06a23..52c67e5390b 100644
--- a/compiler/cli/cli-js/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/compiler/cli/cli-js/build.gradle.kts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ dependencies {
     api(project(":compiler:frontend"))
     api(project(":compiler:backend-common"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:fir-serialization"))
+    api(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir:jvm-backend")) // TODO needed for `FirJvmKotlinMangler`, but obviously wrong
     api(project(":compiler:ir.backend.common"))
     api(project(":compiler:ir.serialization.js"))
     api(project(":compiler:ir.tree"))
diff --git a/compiler/incremental-compilation-impl/build.gradle.kts b/compiler/incremental-compilation-impl/build.gradle.kts
index c6d43a045d9..e804f16fa23 100644
--- a/compiler/incremental-compilation-impl/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/compiler/incremental-compilation-impl/build.gradle.kts
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ dependencies {
     api(project(":compiler:cli"))
     api(project(":compiler:cli-js"))
     api(project(":compiler:fir:entrypoint"))
+    api(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir:jvm-backend"))
     api(project(":compiler:ir.serialization.jvm"))
     api(project(":compiler:backend.jvm.entrypoint"))
     api(project(":kotlin-build-common"))
diff --git a/compiler/tests-common-new/build.gradle.kts b/compiler/tests-common-new/build.gradle.kts
index 6d299e6f6af..a46021e9690 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-common-new/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/compiler/tests-common-new/build.gradle.kts
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ plugins {
 dependencies {
     testApi(project(":compiler:fir:entrypoint"))
     testApi(project(":compiler:fir:fir-serialization"))
+    testApi(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir:jvm-backend"))
     testApi(project(":compiler:cli"))
     testImplementation(project(":compiler:ir.tree"))
     testImplementation(project(":compiler:backend.jvm.entrypoint"))
diff --git a/compiler/tests-compiler-utils/build.gradle.kts b/compiler/tests-compiler-utils/build.gradle.kts
index ebb4c4ae93c..94474e114d5 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-compiler-utils/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/compiler/tests-compiler-utils/build.gradle.kts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ dependencies {
     testApi(project(":compiler:cli-js"))
     testApi(project(":compiler:serialization"))
     testApi(project(":compiler:fir:entrypoint"))
+    testApi(project(":compiler:fir:fir2ir:jvm-backend"))
     testApi(project(":compiler:backend.jvm.entrypoint"))
     testApi(projectTests(":compiler:test-infrastructure-utils"))
     testApi(project(":kotlin-preloader"))