Rework const val generation in multifile classes

Do not query MultifileClassCodegen#classBuilder early on: this causes the class
file for the facade to be prematurely dumped to the disk in some cases, when
that class file is not yet completely generated. Instead fork the logic in
PropertyCodegen#generateSyntheticMethodIfNeeded: save metadata in parts,
generate method in the facade

idea/testData/decompiler/decompiledTextJvm/MultifileClass.expected.kt

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ public fun fn1b(): kotlin.Unit { /* compiled code */ }
 
 public fun kotlin.String.fn2b(): kotlin.Unit { /* compiled code */ }
 
+@kotlin.Deprecated public const val annotatedConstVal: kotlin.Int /* compiled code */
+
 public val val1a: kotlin.Int /* compiled code */
 
 private val kotlin.String.val2a: kotlin.Int /* compiled code */

idea/testData/decompiler/decompiledTextJvm/MultifileClass/MultifileClass.kt

@@ -9,3 +9,6 @@ public fun String.fn2a() {}
 
 class ShouldNotBeVisible1
 interface ShouldNotBeVisible2
+
+@Deprecated("deprecated")
+const val annotatedConstVal = 42

idea/testData/decompiler/stubBuilder/MultifileClass/MultifileClass.kt

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ fun p1Fun() {}
 fun String.p1ExtFun() {}
 fun p1ExprFun(): Int = 0
 fun p1FunWithParams(x: Int): Int { return x }
+
 val p1Val: Int = 0
 val String.p1ExtVal: Int get() = 0
-var p1Var: Int = 0
+var p1Var: Int = 0
+
+@Deprecated("deprecated")
+const val annotatedConstVal = 42

idea/testData/decompiler/stubBuilder/MultifileClass/MultifileClass.txt

@@ -2,6 +2,20 @@ PsiJetFileStubImpl[package=test]
   PACKAGE_DIRECTIVE:
     REFERENCE_EXPRESSION:[referencedName=test]
   IMPORT_LIST:
+  PROPERTY:[fqName=test.annotatedConstVal, hasDelegate=false, hasDelegateExpression=false, hasInitializer=false, hasReturnTypeRef=true, isExtension=false, isTopLevel=true, isVar=false, name=annotatedConstVal]
+    MODIFIER_LIST:[public const]
+      ANNOTATION_ENTRY:[hasValueArguments=false, shortName=Deprecated]
+        CONSTRUCTOR_CALLEE:
+          TYPE_REFERENCE:
+            USER_TYPE:[isAbsoluteInRootPackage=false]
+              USER_TYPE:[isAbsoluteInRootPackage=false]
+                REFERENCE_EXPRESSION:[referencedName=kotlin]
+              REFERENCE_EXPRESSION:[referencedName=Deprecated]
+    TYPE_REFERENCE:
+      USER_TYPE:[isAbsoluteInRootPackage=false]
+        USER_TYPE:[isAbsoluteInRootPackage=false]
+          REFERENCE_EXPRESSION:[referencedName=kotlin]
+        REFERENCE_EXPRESSION:[referencedName=Int]
   PROPERTY:[fqName=test.p1Val, hasDelegate=false, hasDelegateExpression=false, hasInitializer=false, hasReturnTypeRef=true, isExtension=false, isTopLevel=true, isVar=false, name=p1Val]
     MODIFIER_LIST:[public]
     TYPE_REFERENCE: