diff --git a/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/FirElementSerializer.kt b/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/FirElementSerializer.kt
index 3d30e51d131..f2d8c04a9ae 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/FirElementSerializer.kt
+++ b/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/FirElementSerializer.kt
@@ -30,12 +30,10 @@ import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.extensions.typeAttributeExtensions
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.resolve.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.resolve.providers.symbolProvider
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.scopes.*
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.scopes.impl.nestedClassifierScope
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.serialization.constant.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.serialization.constant.toConstantValue
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.FirCallableSymbol
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.FirClassifierSymbol
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.FirRegularClassSymbol
-import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.FirTypeAliasSymbol
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.types.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.types.builder.buildResolvedTypeRef
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.types.impl.ConeClassLikeTypeImpl
@@ -182,16 +180,7 @@ class FirElementSerializer private constructor(
             }
         }
 
-        fun FirClass.nestedClassifiers(): List<FirClassifierSymbol<*>> {
-            val scope =
-                defaultType().scope(session, scopeSession, FakeOverrideTypeCalculator.DoNothing, requiredPhase = null) ?: return emptyList()
-            return buildList {
-                scope.getClassifierNames().mapNotNullTo(this) { scope.getSingleClassifier(it) }
-                addAll(providedDeclarationsService.getProvidedNestedClassifiers(classSymbol, scopeSession))
-            }
-        }
-
-        val nestedClassifiers = klass.nestedClassifiers()
+        val nestedClassifiers = computeNestedClassifiersForClass(classSymbol)
         for (nestedClassifier in nestedClassifiers) {
             if (nestedClassifier is FirTypeAliasSymbol) {
                 typeAliasProto(nestedClassifier.fir)?.let { builder.addTypeAlias(it) }
@@ -265,6 +254,14 @@ class FirElementSerializer private constructor(
         return builder
     }
 
+    fun computeNestedClassifiersForClass(classSymbol: FirClassSymbol<*>): List<FirClassifierSymbol<*>> {
+        val scope = session.nestedClassifierScope(classSymbol.fir) ?: return emptyList()
+        return buildList {
+            scope.getClassifierNames().mapNotNullTo(this) { scope.getSingleClassifier(it) }
+            addAll(providedDeclarationsService.getProvidedNestedClassifiers(classSymbol, scopeSession))
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun FirClass.memberDeclarations(): List<FirCallableDeclaration> {
         return collectDeclarations<FirCallableDeclaration, FirCallableSymbol<*>> { memberScope, addDeclarationIfNeeded ->
             memberScope.processAllFunctions { addDeclarationIfNeeded(it) }
diff --git a/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/firKlibSerialization.kt b/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/firKlibSerialization.kt
index 02dd663868c..d5dabd4614c 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/firKlibSerialization.kt
+++ b/compiler/fir/fir-serialization/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/fir/serialization/firKlibSerialization.kt
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.declarations.*
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.declarations.utils.classId
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.packageFqName
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.resolve.ScopeSession
+import org.jetbrains.kotlin.fir.symbols.impl.FirClassSymbol
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.metadata.ProtoBuf
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.name.ClassId
 import org.jetbrains.kotlin.serialization.SerializableStringTable
@@ -24,8 +25,11 @@ fun serializeSingleFirFile(
     languageVersionSettings: LanguageVersionSettings,
 ): ProtoBuf.PackageFragment {
     val approximator = TypeApproximatorForMetadataSerializer(session)
-    val packageSerializer = FirElementSerializer.createTopLevel(session, scopeSession, serializerExtension, approximator,
-                                                                languageVersionSettings)
+    val packageSerializer = FirElementSerializer.createTopLevel(
+        session, scopeSession, serializerExtension,
+        approximator,
+        languageVersionSettings
+    )
 
     // TODO: typealiases (see klib serializer)
     // TODO: split package fragment (see klib serializer)
@@ -33,20 +37,28 @@ fun serializeSingleFirFile(
 
     val packageProto = packageSerializer.packagePartProto(file.packageFqName, listOf(file), actualizedExpectDeclarations).build()
 
-    fun List<FirDeclaration>.makeClassesProtoWithNested(): List<Pair<ProtoBuf.Class, Int>> {
-        return filterIsInstance<FirClass>().filter { it.shouldBeSerialized(actualizedExpectDeclarations) }
+    val classesProto = mutableListOf<Pair<ProtoBuf.Class, Int>>()
+
+    fun List<FirClassSymbol<*>>.makeClassesProtoWithNested() {
+        val classSymbols = this
+            .filter { it.fir.shouldBeSerialized(actualizedExpectDeclarations) }
             .sortedBy { it.classId.asFqNameString() }
-            .flatMap {
-                val classSerializer = FirElementSerializer.create(
-                    session, scopeSession, it, serializerExtension, null,
-                    approximator, languageVersionSettings
-                )
-                val index = classSerializer.stringTable.getFqNameIndex(it)
-                listOf(classSerializer.classProto(it).build() to index) + it.declarations.makeClassesProtoWithNested()
-            }
+        for (symbol in classSymbols) {
+            val klass = symbol.fir
+            val classSerializer = FirElementSerializer.create(
+                session, scopeSession, klass, serializerExtension, null,
+                approximator, languageVersionSettings
+            )
+            val index = classSerializer.stringTable.getFqNameIndex(klass)
+
+            classesProto += classSerializer.classProto(klass).build() to index
+            classSerializer.computeNestedClassifiersForClass(symbol).filterIsInstance<FirClassSymbol<*>>().makeClassesProtoWithNested()
+        }
     }
 
-    val classesProto = serializerExtension.processFile(file) { file.declarations.makeClassesProtoWithNested() }
+    serializerExtension.processFile(file) {
+        file.declarations.mapNotNull { it.symbol as? FirClassSymbol<*> }.makeClassesProtoWithNested()
+    }
 
     val hasTopLevelDeclarations = file.declarations.any {
         it is FirMemberDeclaration && it.shouldBeSerialized(actualizedExpectDeclarations) &&
diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/K2KotlinxSerializationIT.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/K2KotlinxSerializationIT.kt
index 5eec882e6eb..554c608ea5a 100644
--- a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/K2KotlinxSerializationIT.kt
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/kotlin/gradle/K2KotlinxSerializationIT.kt
@@ -63,4 +63,12 @@ class K2KotlinxSerializationIT : KGPBaseTest() {
             build(":compileProductionExecutableKotlinJs")
         }
     }
+
+    @DisplayName("Compile test sourceset with kotlinx.serialization to JS. KT-57781")
+    @GradleTest
+    fun `test kotlinx serialization compile test source set to JS`() {
+        project("kotlinxSerializationK2WithJs", gradleVersion) {
+            build(":compileTestKotlinJs")
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/resources/testProject/kotlinxSerializationK2WithJs/src/test/kotlin/SimpleTest.kt b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/resources/testProject/kotlinxSerializationK2WithJs/src/test/kotlin/SimpleTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e8acc69776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libraries/tools/kotlin-gradle-plugin-integration-tests/src/test/resources/testProject/kotlinxSerializationK2WithJs/src/test/kotlin/SimpleTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+class SimpleTest {
+    fun test() {
+        ErrorResponse.serializer()
+    }
+}