diff --git a/analysis/low-level-api-fir/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/low/level/api/fir/diagnostic/compiler/based/DiagnosisCompilerTestFE10TestdataTestGenerated.java b/analysis/low-level-api-fir/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/low/level/api/fir/diagnostic/compiler/based/DiagnosisCompilerTestFE10TestdataTestGenerated.java
index 0dae05b60ad..dcdae243376 100644
--- a/analysis/low-level-api-fir/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/low/level/api/fir/diagnostic/compiler/based/DiagnosisCompilerTestFE10TestdataTestGenerated.java
+++ b/analysis/low-level-api-fir/tests/org/jetbrains/kotlin/analysis/low/level/api/fir/diagnostic/compiler/based/DiagnosisCompilerTestFE10TestdataTestGenerated.java
@@ -1386,6 +1386,12 @@ public class DiagnosisCompilerTestFE10TestdataTestGenerated extends AbstractDiag
                 runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/invalidTypesInAnnotationConstructor.kt");
             }
 
+            @Test
+            @TestMetadata("javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt")
+            public void testJavaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt() throws Exception {
+                runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt");
+            }
+
             @Test
             @TestMetadata("JavaAnnotationConstructors.kt")
             public void testJavaAnnotationConstructors() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/cli/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/cli/jvm/index/SingleJavaFileRootsIndex.kt b/compiler/cli/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/cli/jvm/index/SingleJavaFileRootsIndex.kt
index 6798d1e6d27..01fbc6cb400 100644
--- a/compiler/cli/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/cli/jvm/index/SingleJavaFileRootsIndex.kt
+++ b/compiler/cli/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/cli/jvm/index/SingleJavaFileRootsIndex.kt
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ class SingleJavaFileRootsIndex(private val roots: List<JavaRoot>) {
             start(String(file.contentsToByteArray()))
         }
         private var braceBalance = 0
+        private var parenthesisBalance = 0
 
         private fun at(type: IElementType): Boolean = lexer.tokenType == type
 
@@ -67,6 +68,8 @@ class SingleJavaFileRootsIndex(private val roots: List<JavaRoot>) {
             when {
                 at(ElementType.LBRACE) -> braceBalance++
                 at(ElementType.RBRACE) -> braceBalance--
+                at(ElementType.LPARENTH) -> parenthesisBalance++
+                at(ElementType.RPARENTH) -> parenthesisBalance--
             }
             lexer.advance()
         }
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ class SingleJavaFileRootsIndex(private val roots: List<JavaRoot>) {
         private fun tokenText(): String = lexer.tokenText
 
         private fun atClass(): Boolean =
-            braceBalance == 0 && (lexer.tokenType in CLASS_KEYWORDS || atRecord())
+            braceBalance == 0 && parenthesisBalance == 0 && (lexer.tokenType in CLASS_KEYWORDS || atRecord())
 
         private fun atRecord(): Boolean {
             // Note that the soft keyword "record" is lexed as IDENTIFIER instead of RECORD_KEYWORD.
@@ -112,7 +115,6 @@ class SingleJavaFileRootsIndex(private val roots: List<JavaRoot>) {
                 if (end()) break
                 result.add(ClassId(packageFqName, Name.identifier(tokenText())))
             }
-
             return result
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsTestGenerated.java b/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsTestGenerated.java
index 414738a21b3..4d07d183575 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsTestGenerated.java
@@ -1392,6 +1392,12 @@ public class FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsTestGenerated extends AbstractFirDiagnosti
                 runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/invalidTypesInAnnotationConstructor.kt");
             }
 
+            @Test
+            @TestMetadata("javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt")
+            public void testJavaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt() throws Exception {
+                runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt");
+            }
+
             @Test
             @TestMetadata("JavaAnnotationConstructors.kt")
             public void testJavaAnnotationConstructors() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsWithLightTreeTestGenerated.java b/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsWithLightTreeTestGenerated.java
index 40c5d941bff..361d50fb63f 100644
--- a/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsWithLightTreeTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/fir/analysis-tests/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsWithLightTreeTestGenerated.java
@@ -1386,6 +1386,12 @@ public class FirOldFrontendDiagnosticsWithLightTreeTestGenerated extends Abstrac
                 runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/invalidTypesInAnnotationConstructor.kt");
             }
 
+            @Test
+            @TestMetadata("javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt")
+            public void testJavaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt() throws Exception {
+                runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt");
+            }
+
             @Test
             @TestMetadata("JavaAnnotationConstructors.kt")
             public void testJavaAnnotationConstructors() throws Exception {
diff --git a/compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt b/compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e6724ab98b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// FIR_IDENTICAL
+// ISSUE: KT-56847
+// FILE: foo/TestTarget.java
+package foo;
+
+@AnnotationWithArg(String.class)
+@Ann
+public final class TestTarget {}
+
+// FILE: foo/Ann.java
+package foo;
+
+public @interface Ann {}
+
+// FILE: foo/AnnotationWithArg.java
+package foo;
+
+public @interface AnnotationWithArg {
+    Class<?> value();
+}
+
+// FILE: foo/AnotherTarget.kt
+package foo
+
+@Ann
+class AnotherTarget {
+    fun hello() {}
+}
diff --git a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/DiagnosticTestGenerated.java b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/DiagnosticTestGenerated.java
index 32430804958..ef3421d88b2 100644
--- a/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/DiagnosticTestGenerated.java
+++ b/compiler/tests-common-new/tests-gen/org/jetbrains/kotlin/test/runners/DiagnosticTestGenerated.java
@@ -1392,6 +1392,12 @@ public class DiagnosticTestGenerated extends AbstractDiagnosticTest {
                 runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/invalidTypesInAnnotationConstructor.kt");
             }
 
+            @Test
+            @TestMetadata("javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt")
+            public void testJavaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt() throws Exception {
+                runTest("compiler/testData/diagnostics/tests/annotations/javaAnnotationAndJavaClassWithIt.kt");
+            }
+
             @Test
             @TestMetadata("JavaAnnotationConstructors.kt")
             public void testJavaAnnotationConstructors() throws Exception {