Provide additional information about missing supertypes

Add -X flag to report extra compiler diagnostics which migth break compatibility.
Use the flag to unconditionally check constructors without fear of
prematurely evaluating lazy supertypes.

KT-19234
KT-42404
KT-44583

compiler/cli/cli-common/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/cli/common/arguments/CommonCompilerArguments.kt

@@ -357,6 +357,13 @@ abstract class CommonCompilerArguments : CommonToolArguments() {
     )
     var suppressVersionWarnings: Boolean by FreezableVar(false)
 
+    @Argument(
+        value = "-Xextended-compiler-checks",
+        description = "Enable additional compiler checks that might provide verbose diagnostic information for certain errors.\n" +
+                "Warning: this mode is not backward-compatible and might cause compilation errors in previously compiled code."
+    )
+    var extendedCompilerChecks: Boolean by FreezableVar(false)
+
     open fun configureAnalysisFlags(collector: MessageCollector): MutableMap<AnalysisFlag<*>, Any> {
         return HashMap<AnalysisFlag<*>, Any>().apply {
             put(AnalysisFlags.skipMetadataVersionCheck, skipMetadataVersionCheck)
@@ -424,6 +431,10 @@ abstract class CommonCompilerArguments : CommonToolArguments() {
                 put(LanguageFeature.InferenceCompatibility, LanguageFeature.State.ENABLED)
             }
 
+            if (extendedCompilerChecks) {
+                put(LanguageFeature.ExtendedCompilerChecks, LanguageFeature.State.ENABLED)
+            }
+
             if (progressiveMode) {
                 LanguageFeature.values().filter { it.kind.enabledInProgressiveMode }.forEach {
                     // Don't overwrite other settings: users may want to turn off some particular