[K/N] Added test for checking C callback set with Kotlin function throwing exception

kotlin-native/backend.native/tests/interop/exceptions/cCallback.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+extern "C" void runAndCatch(void(*f)(void)) {
+    try {
+        f();
+    } catch (...) {
+        printf("CATCH IN C++!\n");
+    }
+}

kotlin-native/backend.native/tests/interop/exceptions/cCallback.def

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+language = C
+
+---
+
+void runAndCatch(void(*f)(void));

kotlin-native/backend.native/tests/interop/exceptions/cCallback.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import kotlinx.cinterop.staticCFunction
+import cCallback.runAndCatch
+
+fun throwingCallback() {
+    throw IllegalStateException("Kotlin Exception!")
+}
+
+
+fun main() {
+    runAndCatch(staticCFunction(::throwingCallback))
+}