Debugger: Handle closure receivers came from outer callables properly (KT-31709)

compiler/testData/codegen/box/extensionFunctions/kt23675.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//WITH_RUNTIME
+
+// IGNORE_BACKEND: JVM_IR
+// IGNORE_BACKEND: JS_IR
+
+class Environment(
+    val fieldAccessedInsideChild: Int,
+    val how: Environment.() -> Unit
+)
+fun box(): String {
+    Environment(
+        3,
+        {
+            class Child {
+                val a = fieldAccessedInsideChild
+            }
+            class Parent {
+                val children: List<Child> =
+                    (0..4).map { Child() }
+            }
+        }
+    )
+
+    return "OK"
+}