Prohibit adapted reference resolve against reflective types

There are design questions about reflection for adapted references,
 so the current proposal is to prohibit reflection on them and support
 it properly later

 #KT-40406 Fixed

compiler/resolution/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/resolve/calls/components/CallableReferenceResolution.kt

@@ -228,6 +228,12 @@ class CallableReferencesCandidateFactory(
             markCandidateForCompatibilityResolve(diagnostics)
         }
 
+        if (callableReferenceAdaptation != null && expectedType != null && hasNonTrivialAdaptation(callableReferenceAdaptation)) {
+            if (!expectedType.isFunctionType && !expectedType.isSuspendFunctionType) { // expectedType has some reflection type
+                diagnostics.add(AdaptedCallableReferenceIsUsedWithReflection(argument))
+            }
+        }
+
         if (callableReferenceAdaptation != null &&
             callableReferenceAdaptation.defaults != 0 &&
             !callComponents.languageVersionSettings.supportsFeature(LanguageFeature.FunctionReferenceWithDefaultValueAsOtherType)
@@ -278,11 +284,14 @@ class CallableReferencesCandidateFactory(
 
         if (callableReferenceAdaptation == null) return false
 
-        return callableReferenceAdaptation.defaults != 0 ||
+        return hasNonTrivialAdaptation(callableReferenceAdaptation)
+    }
+
+    private fun hasNonTrivialAdaptation(callableReferenceAdaptation: CallableReferenceAdaptation) =
+        callableReferenceAdaptation.defaults != 0 ||
                 callableReferenceAdaptation.suspendConversionStrategy != SuspendConversionStrategy.NO_CONVERSION ||
                 callableReferenceAdaptation.coercionStrategy != CoercionStrategy.NO_COERCION ||
                 callableReferenceAdaptation.mappedArguments.values.any { it is ResolvedCallArgument.VarargArgument }
-    }
 
     private enum class VarargMappingState {
         UNMAPPED, MAPPED_WITH_PLAIN_ARGS, MAPPED_WITH_ARRAY
@@ -296,6 +305,11 @@ class CallableReferencesCandidateFactory(
     ): CallableReferenceAdaptation? {
         if (callComponents.languageVersionSettings.apiVersion < ApiVersion.KOTLIN_1_4) return null
 
+        if (expectedType == null) return null
+
+        // Do not adapt references against KCallable type as it's impossible to map defaults/vararg to absent parameters of KCallable
+        if (ReflectionTypes.hasKCallableTypeFqName(expectedType)) return null
+
         val inputOutputTypes = extractInputOutputTypesFromCallableReferenceExpectedType(expectedType) ?: return null
 
         val expectedArgumentCount = inputOutputTypes.inputTypes.size - unboundReceiverCount

compiler/resolution/src/org/jetbrains/kotlin/resolve/calls/model/KotlinCallDiagnostics.kt

@@ -263,4 +263,13 @@ class CompatibilityWarningOnArgument(
     override fun report(reporter: DiagnosticReporter) {
         reporter.onCallArgument(argument, this)
     }
+}
+
+class AdaptedCallableReferenceIsUsedWithReflection(
+    val argument: CallableReferenceKotlinCallArgument,
+) : KotlinCallDiagnostic(RESOLVED_WITH_ERROR) {
+    override fun report(reporter: DiagnosticReporter) {
+        reporter.onCallArgument(argument, this)
+    }
+
 }