Rethink constraints incorporation

Namely, remove incorporation “otherInsideMyConstraint” to eliminate
constraint system redundancy and produce a potentially very large number
 of constructs.
Instead, introduce not so “spreadable” incorporation during variable
fixation (equality constraint with result type into other constraints).
^KT-41644 Fixed
^KT-42195 Fixed
^KT-42920 Fixed
^KT-42791 Fixed
^KT-41741 Fixed

compiler/testData/diagnostics/testsWithStdLib/tryCatch/tryExpression.kt

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ fun test1(): Map<Int, Int> = run {
 }
 
 fun test2(): Map<Int, Int> = run {
-    <!NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH!>try {
+    <!NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, NI;TYPE_MISMATCH!>try {
         emptyMap()
     } catch (e: ExcA) {
         <!NI;TYPE_MISMATCH, OI;TYPE_INFERENCE_EXPECTED_TYPE_MISMATCH!>mapOf(<!NI;TYPE_MISMATCH!>"" to ""<!>)<!>