KT-48232: Implement kotlin.math.cbrt() (cubic roots)

cbrt() is the standard cubic root function that provides several advantages over pow(x, 1.0/3.0):
- Better precision
- Faster
- Behaves better with negative values

libraries/stdlib/jvm/src/kotlin/util/MathJVM.kt

@@ -463,6 +463,23 @@ public actual inline fun min(a: Double, b: Double): Double = nativeMath.min(a, b
 @InlineOnly
 public actual inline fun max(a: Double, b: Double): Double = nativeMath.max(a, b)
 
+
+/**
+ * Returns the cube root of [x]. For any `x`, `cbrt(-x) == -cbrt(x)`;
+ * that is, the cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root
+ * of that value's magnitude. Special cases:
+ *
+ * Special cases:
+ *   - If the argument is `NaN`, then the result is `NaN`.
+ *   - If the argument is infinite, then the result is an infinity with the same sign as the argument.
+ *   - If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.
+ */
+@SinceKotlin("1.7")
+@ExperimentalStdlibApi
+@InlineOnly
+public actual inline fun cbrt(x: Double): Double = nativeMath.cbrt(x)
+
+
 // extensions
 
 
@@ -993,8 +1010,24 @@ public actual inline fun min(a: Float, b: Float): Float = nativeMath.min(a, b)
 @InlineOnly
 public actual inline fun max(a: Float, b: Float): Float = nativeMath.max(a, b)
 
-// extensions
 
+/**
+ * Returns the cube root of [x]. For any `x`, `cbrt(-x) == -cbrt(x)`;
+ * that is, the cube root of a negative value is the negative of the cube root
+ * of that value's magnitude. Special cases:
+ *
+ * Special cases:
+ *   - If the argument is `NaN`, then the result is `NaN`.
+ *   - If the argument is infinite, then the result is an infinity with the same sign as the argument.
+ *   - If the argument is zero, then the result is a zero with the same sign as the argument.
+ */
+@SinceKotlin("1.7")
+@ExperimentalStdlibApi
+@InlineOnly
+public actual inline fun cbrt(x: Float): Float = nativeMath.cbrt(x.toDouble()).toFloat()
+
+
+// extensions
 
 /**
  * Raises this value to the power [x].